Blast Injuries

Mathews, Zara R.; Koyfman, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.03.013

Cited by 95 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Injuries from exposure to explosive blasts rose dramatically during Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF, OEF) due to increased use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in military settings and has also increased in civilian populations through acts of terrorism [1][2][3] 4 Despite the increase in occurrence and public awareness, our understanding of the effects of blast and the mechanisms behind subsequent injury are limited. 5,6 Blast overpressure (BOP) events are capable of injuring the brain by means of high energy pressure waves that are rapidly emitted from the explosive, which propagate from the object and turn into shock waves upon interacting with a medium-in this case being the military warfighter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Chronic Molecular Signatures and Associated Symptoms of Blast Exposure in Military Breachers

Wang

Wilson

Mendelev

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Injuries from exposure to explosions rose dramatically during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, which motivated investigations of blast-related neurotrauma and operational breaching. In this study, military "breachers" were exposed to controlled, low-level blast during a 10-day explosive breaching course. Using an omics approach, we assessed epigenetic, transcriptional, and inflammatory profile changes in blood from operational breaching trainees, with varying levels of lifetime blast exposure, along with daily selfreported symptoms (with tinnitus, headaches, and sleep disturbances as the most frequently reported). Although acute exposure to blast did not confer epigenetic changes, specifically in DNA methylation, differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with coordinated gene expression changes associated with chronic lifetime cumulative blast exposures were identified. The accumulative effect of blast showed increased methylation of PAX8 antisense transcript with coordinated repression of gene expression, which has been associated with sleep disturbance. DNA methylation analyses conducted in conjunction with reported symptoms of tinnitus in the low vs. high blast incidents groups identified DMRS in KCNE1 and CYP2E1 genes. KCNE1 and CYP2E1 showed the expected inverse correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression, which have been previously implicated in noise related hearing loss.Although no significant transcriptional changes were observed in samples obtained at the onset of the training course relative to chronic cumulative blast, we identified a large number of transcriptional perturbations acutely pre-versus post-blast exposure. Acutely, 67 robustly differentially expressed genes (fold change ≥ 1.5), including UFC1 and YOD1, ubiquitin-related proteins were identified. Inflammatory analyses of cytokines and chemokines revealed dysregulation of MCP-1, GCSF, HGF, MCSF, and RANTES acutely following blast exposure. These data show the importance of an omics approach, revealing that transcriptional and inflammatory biomarkers capture acute lowlevel blast overpressure exposure, whereas DNA methylation marks encapsulate chronic long-term symptoms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Chronic Molecular Signatures and Associated Symptoms of Blast Exposure in Military Breachers

Wang

Wilson

Mendelev

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Patlama (Blast) yaralanmaları hemen her vücut bö-lümünde yaralanmaya neden olabilmekte ve sonsuz kombinasyonla prezante olabilmektedir (5) . Primer, sekonder, tersiyer ve kuarterner blast yaralanmaları başlıklarıyla incelenirler.…”

Section: Nükleer Biyolojik Kimyasal Saldırılar (Nbc) Ve Dekontaminaunclassified

“…ESI'yi diğer triaj sistemlerinden farklı yapan özel-lik, acil müdahale gerektiren hastaların belirlenmesi ve hastanın acil serviste kaç kaynak kullanacağının tahmin edilmesi birlikteliğinin olmasıdır (5,6) . Bu sistemde bir bekleme süresi verilmez, yalnızca öncelik sırası belirtilir.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Emergency department triage in terrorism and warfare disasters

Karcıoğlu¹,

Topaçoğlu²

2017

Okmeydani Medical Journal

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“…(3,4,5) The primary blast wave can cause perforation of the tympanic membrane, hemotympanum without perforation, ossicle fracture or dislocation, injuries to the lungs and bowel. (6) The blast wind can cause serious penetrating injuries resulting in n deafness, post blast respiratory insufficiency (PBRI) consequent to pulmonary contusion and perforations of the stomach, small intestine and caecum.…”

Section: Blast Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating Blast and Explosion Victims: An Overview

Krishnamurti

2016

IRA-JAS

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<p><em>Blast injuries result from explosions that have the capability to cause multisystem, life-threatening injuries in single or multiple victims simultaneously. The injury patterns following such events are a product of the composition and amount of the materials involved, the surrounding environment, delivery method (if a bomb), the distance between the victim and the blast, and any intervening protective barriers or environmental hazards. These types of events present complex triage, diagnostic, and management challenges for the health care provider.</em></p>

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Blast Injuries

Cited by 95 publications

References 92 publications

Acute and Chronic Molecular Signatures and Associated Symptoms of Blast Exposure in Military Breachers

Acute and Chronic Molecular Signatures and Associated Symptoms of Blast Exposure in Military Breachers

Emergency department triage in terrorism and warfare disasters

Treating Blast and Explosion Victims: An Overview

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