Blast-induced liquefaction in silty sands for full-scale testing of ground improvement methods: Insights from a multidisciplinary study

Amoroso, Sara; Rollins, Kyle M.; Andersen, Paul; Gottardi, Guido; Tonni, Laura; Martínez, María Fernanda García; Wissmann, Kord J.; Minarelli, Luca; Comina, Cesare; Fontana, Daniela; Martini, Paolo; Monaco, Paola Alfonsa Vieira Lo; Pesci, A.; Sapia, Vincenzo; Vassallo, Maurizio; Anzidei, Marco; Carpena, Andrea; Cinti, F. R.; Civico, Riccardo; Coco, Igino; Conforti, Dario; Doumaz, Fawzi; Giannattasio, Fabio; Giulio, Giuseppe Di; Foti, Sebastiano; Loddo, F.; Lugli, Stefano; Manuel, Maria R.; Marchetti, Diego; Mariotti, Mauro; Materni, Valerio; Metcalfe, Brian; Milana, Giuliano; Pantosti, D.; Pesce, Antonio; Salocchi, Aura Cecilia; Smedile, Alessandra; Stefani, Marco; Tarabusi, Gabriele; Teza, Giordano

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105437

Cited by 31 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…This comprehensive dataset shows that earthquake-induced liquefaction phenomena affected sand layers with significant contents of non-plastic silt and was not limited to clean sands and well-sorted deposits, as suggested by previous results from Fontana et al (2015Fontana et al ( , 2019 and Amoroso et al (2020). Within the considered alluvial plain, liquefaction primarily affects silty sand with litharenitic composition from laterally confined depositional bodies, such as levee, crevasse splay, to minor channel ribbons.…”

Section: Liquefaction Features Versus Depositional Facies and Sedimen...supporting

confidence: 78%

“…Numerous studies have documented the liquefaction characteristics at various key sites (e.g. Amoroso et al 2017Amoroso et al , 2020Lai et al 2020;Tonni et al 2015;Fontana et al 2019;Meisina et al 2019;Facciorusso et al 2015;Civico et al 2015;Rollins et al 2021), but a comprehensive study of liquefaction over the whole area affected by the 2012 Emilia earthquakes, that includes both geological and geotechnical aspects, is still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquefied sites of the 2012 Emilia earthquake: a comprehensive database of the geological and geotechnical features (Quaternary alluvial Po plain, Italy)

Minarelli

Amoroso

Civico

et al. 2022

Bull Earthquake Eng

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This paper presents a comprehensive geological and geotechnical study of the whole area affected by liquefaction following the 2012 Emilia earthquakes, including all the available information from the field reconnaissance surveys, in situ tests, and laboratory analyses. The compilation was performed at 120 liquefied sites to verify and validate the reliability of liquefaction charts in alluvial sediments, and to assess liquefaction induced by the 2012 seismic sequence in the Emilia plain. The results reveal a wide range of grain sizes (from clean sands to sandy silts) and compositional characteristics (quartz-rich to litharenitic) in the 2012 ejecta, and show a strong relationship between the liquefaction and stratigraphic architecture of the subsurface. The availability of in situ tests at the liquefied sites makes it possible to verify and validate the reliability of the liquefaction charts in alluvial sediments with respect to the real observations. For the analyzed Emilia case studies, the use of non-liquefiable crust provides better estimations of the liquefaction manifestations when coupled with the thickness of the liquefiable layer rather than with the liquefaction potential index. Altogether, this work makes available to the international scientific community a consistent liquefaction database for in-depth earthquake studies.

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Section: Liquefaction Features Versus Depositional Facies and Sedimen...supporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefied sites of the 2012 Emilia earthquake: a comprehensive database of the geological and geotechnical features (Quaternary alluvial Po plain, Italy)

Minarelli

Amoroso

Civico

et al. 2022

Bull Earthquake Eng

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“…These earthquakes induced widespread liquefaction phenomenon in the alluvial plains in an area of about 20 km from the epicenter, resulting in aligned and en échelon fractures along paleochannels (e.g. see Amoroso et al, 2020;Civico et al, 2015 for details regarding the 2012 Emilia earthquake). We have reconstructed the 2020 earthquake surface rupture in a total length of ~13 km from Međurače to the north to Donja Budičina to the south, a number substantially larger than the one inferred from seismology (Causse, 2021).…”

Section: Typology Of Those Features Includes (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects and seismogenic source characterization of the December 2020 earthquake sequence near Petrinja, Croatia

Baize

Amoroso

Belić

et al. 2022

Geophysical Journal International

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Summary On 29 December 2020, a shallow earthquake of magnitude Mw 6.4 struck northern Croatia, near the town of Petrinja, more than 24 hours after a strong foreshock (Ml 5). We formed a reconnaissance team of European geologists and engineers, from Croatia, Slovenia, France, Italy and Greece, rapidly deployed in the field to map the evidence of coseismic environmental effects. In the epicentral area, we recognized surface deformation, such as tectonic breaks along the earthquake source at the surface, liquefaction features (scattered in the fluvial plains of Kupa, Glina and Sava rivers), and slope failures, both caused by strong motion. Thanks to this concerted, collective and meticulous work, we were able to document and map a clear and unambiguous coseismic surface rupture associated with the main shock. The surface rupture appears discontinuous, consisting of multi-kilometer en échelon right stepping sections, along a NW-SE striking fault that we call the Petrinja-Pokupsko Fault (PPKF). The observed deformation features, in terms of kinematics and trace alignments, are consistent with slip on a right lateral fault, in agreement with the focal solution of the main shock. We found mole tracks, displacement on faults affecting natural features (e. g. drainage channels), scarplets, and more frequently breaks of anthropogenic markers (roads, fences). The surface rupture is observed over a length of ∼13 km from end-to-end, with a maximum displacement of 38 cm, and an average displacement of ∼10 cm. Moreover, the liquefaction extends over an area of nearly 600 km² around the epicenter. Typology of liquefaction features include sand blows, lateral spreading phenomenon along the road and river embankments, as well as sand ejecta of different grain size and matrix. Development of large and long fissures along the fluvial landforms, current or ancient, with massive ejections of sediments is pervasive. These features are sometimes accompanied by small horizontal displacements. Finally, the environmental effects of the earthquake appear to be reasonably consistent with the usual scaling relationships, in particular the surface faulting. This rupture of the ground occurred on or near traces of a fault that shows clear evidence of Quaternary activity. Further and detailed studies will be carried out to characterize this source and related faults in terms of future large earthquakes potential, for their integration into seismic hazard models.

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“…Blast tests, in which controlled blasting is carried out by suitably positioned underground charges, are relatively recent, but they have already proved to be of great importance (see e.g. Ashford et al 2004;Saftner et al 2015;Wentz et al 2015;Amoroso et al 2017;2020a). Despite the potentially disastrous loss of soil strength and stiffness which can occur at the time of the phenomenon that induces liquefaction, controlled blasting can also be beneficial as a ground improvement technique for densification in clean sands (Finno et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Sensing of Induced Liquefaction: TLS and SfM for a Full-Scale Blast Test

et al. 2022

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Some rights reserved. The terms and conditions for the reuse of this version of the manuscript are specified in the publishing policy. For all terms of use and more information see the publisher's website. This is the final peer-reviewed author's accepted manuscript (postprint) of the following publication:This item was downloaded from IRIS Università di Bologna (https://cris.unibo.it/).When citing, please refer to the published version. When citing, please refer to the published version.

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Blast-induced liquefaction in silty sands for full-scale testing of ground improvement methods: Insights from a multidisciplinary study

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

Liquefied sites of the 2012 Emilia earthquake: a comprehensive database of the geological and geotechnical features (Quaternary alluvial Po plain, Italy)

Liquefied sites of the 2012 Emilia earthquake: a comprehensive database of the geological and geotechnical features (Quaternary alluvial Po plain, Italy)

Environmental effects and seismogenic source characterization of the December 2020 earthquake sequence near Petrinja, Croatia

Remote Sensing of Induced Liquefaction: TLS and SfM for a Full-Scale Blast Test

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