blaIMP and blaVIM mediated carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species in India

Abstract

Introduction: The emergence and rapid spread of bla IMP and bla VIM metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing Gram-negative bacteria causing nosocomial infections are of concern worldwide due to limited treatment options. Methodology: A total of 179 nonreplicate, consecutive, carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (61), Acinetobacter baumannii (116), Acinetobacter lwoffii (1) and Pseudomonas stutzeri (1) isolated from patients hospitalized for 48 hours or more were included in the study. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) to imipenem and meropenem were determined and interpreted according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and inhibitor potentiated disk diffusion tests with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used for screening of carbapenamases and MBL production respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the detection of MBL (bla VIM and bla IMP ) genes. Gene sequencing was performed for representative isolates. Results: MHT was positive in 94.4% (n = 169). MBL screening with EDTA was positive in 80.4% (n = 144). MBL genes bla VIM and bla IMP were detected in 92 (51.4%) isolates. Bla VIM alone was detected in 89 isolates while two isolates had bla IMP alone. One isolate had both bla

An Evaluation of Antibiotic Profile, Molecular Characterisation and Risk Factors Associated with Carbapenem Resistant Non Fermentative Gram Negative Isolates in a Tertiary Care Centre

“…Considering sample wise distribution, most samples from which non-fermenters were isolated were those from tracheal aspirate (34.12%) followed by blood (25.67%), pus (17.22%), and urine (8.44%). Amudhan et al, had predominant NFGNB isolates from respiratory secretions (Amudhan et al, 2012). Kalidas et al, isolated non-fermenters predominantly from pus (Rit et al, 2013).…”

“…Total 27.65% of isolates were positive for VIM. Amudhan et al, (2012) reported 45.68% of resistant isolates to harbour VIM. 11.7%isolates were positive for OXA-23, OXA-51, NDM and VIM.…”

Emergence of different Acinetobacter baumannii clones in a Croatian hospital and correlation with antibiotic susceptibility

“…The presence of the genes encoding KPC, MBLs of IMP, VIM, SIM and NDM class [4,[5][6][7][8] and OXA β-lactamases (bla OXA-51-like , bla OXA-23-like , bla OXA-40-like , bla OXA-58-like and bla OXA-143-5 like ) genes [18] was determined by PCR as previously described. The amplicons of the selected representative isolates were column-purified (QIAquick PCR purification kit, Inel Medicinska tehnika, Zagreb) and subjected to sequencing by the Macrogen sequencing service (South Korea) with the same primers used for PCR in order to determine the identity of the enzyme.…”

“…Rarely, resistance can occurr because of porin loss (CarO) or overexpression of efflux pumps [3]. Acquired carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii can also be mediated by acquired carbapenemases of class A (KPC) [4], metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) of IMP, VIM, SIM and NDM family [5][6][7][8] and carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinases (CHDL) (OXA-23-like, OXA-40-like, OXA-58-like, OXA-143-like and OXA-235-like [9][10][11][12]. From 2008 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii emerged with increasing frequency in most hospital centers in Croatia and became an important public health problem as shown by the multicenter study conducted in Northern Croatia and Istria demonstrating that OXA-40-like and OXA-58-like were the dominant types of acquired CHDL in Croatia.…”

Epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility among carbapenem-resistant non-fermenting bacteria in Brazil

“…Carbapenems are still the drugs of choice to treat infections associated with the drugresistant NFGN bacteria [2,6]. Nevertheless, carbapenem resistance among Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter has emerged and become widespread, demanding increased efforts to treat infection with chemotherapy, using polymyxin B and tigecycline, the last therapeutic option [5,7,8].…”