Bladder tumours and smoking

Anthony, Honor M.; Thomas, Gretta M.

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910050215

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In eight studies it was unclear whether the exposure referred to current or 'ever-smoking', although the latter was usually implied and assumed [19][20][21][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Five studies presented HRs for current and former smokers separately [22,[29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Estimation Of Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does smoking status influence the prognosis of bladder cancer? A systematic review

et al. 2002

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Objectives To summarize, in a systematic review, the evidence for the effect of stopping smoking on recurrence, cancer-specific and all cause-mortality among smokers with newly diagnosed bladder cancer. Materials and methods Two electronic databases and the reference lists of identified primary studies and reviews were searched. Studies were included if a hazard ratio and its confidence intervals could be extracted. A predefined set of study characteristics was extracted which defined whether studies were giving valid prognostic data on the effects of smoking in reasonably homogenous cohorts. The results of studies were synthesized qualitatively. Results Fifteen relevant studies were identified; former and current smokers were combined in many studies. Many studies produced information on prognosis that was confounded by the mixing of incident and prevalent cases. Only three studies examined the influence of smoking on prognosis in only incident cases, most of whom had superficial disease. Of these, only one was of high quality. These three studies and the other 12 showed suggestive evidence that continued smoking or a lifetime of smoking constitutes a moderate risk factor for recurrence and death, and that stopping smoking could favourably change this. However, the evidence base for this is weak because of the methodological shortcomings and because most studies' results were not statistically significant. A lifetable model showed that if stopping smoking altered the prognosis, the size of the benefit would be clinically worthwhile. Conclusions There is suggestive evidence that stopping smoking might favourably alter the course of bladder cancer, but this is insufficient for clinicians to inform patients that doing so will improve their prognosis, and for providing specialized services to assist in stopping smoking to patients with bladder cancer.

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Section: Estimation Of Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does smoking status influence the prognosis of bladder cancer? A systematic review

et al. 2002

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“…Relative risks (RRs) for smokers range in most reports between 1.5 and 3.0 (Cartwright et al, 1981;Cole et al, 1971;Wynder and Goldsmith, 1977;Mommsen and Aagaard, 1983;Reza-Najem et al, 1982;Kahn, 1966), whereas they are somewhat higher in others (Howe et al, 1980;Morgan and Jain, 1974;Tola et al, 1980). A low RR, around 1.0, was found in one study in the U.K. (Anthony and Thomas, 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Bladder cancer and smoking in males: Types of cigarettes, age at start, effect of stopping and interaction with occupation

Víneis

Estève

Terracini

1984

Intl Journal of Cancer

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A case-control study of 512 male cases of bladder cancer and 596 male hospital controls (all living in the province of Turin, Northern Italy) has been analyzed for cigarette smoking. Relative risks (RRs) decreased with years since stopping, whereas they seemed not to change with age starting to smoke. A multiplicative effect of RRs for smoking and high-risk occupations was suggested. Filters exerted a protective effect (RR = 0.3 for smokers of filter-tip cigarettes only vs. smokers of non-filter-tip cigarettes). A previously unreported difference was noticed between black types and blond types of tobacco (RR = 0.4 for smokers of the blond types only vs. smokers of the black types, adjusted for age, average daily amount, years since stopping, occupation and use of filter).

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“…However, many cases of bladder cancer are not due to any obvious exposure to dyestuff intermediates so that other carcinogens should be sought. A correlation has been shown between cigarette smoking and the incidence of bladder cancer in the U.S.A. (Lilienfeld, Levin and Moore, 1956), in Denmark (Lockwood, 1961), in France (Schwartz et al, 1961), in England (Anthony and Thomas, 1970), and in Boston, U.S.A. (Cole et al, 1971). Such a correlation could operate through the occurrence of chemical carcinogens arising from the cigarette smoke and eventually appearing in the urine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on Urinary Chemiluminescence of Normal Smokers and Non-smokers and of Patients with Bladder Cancer

Rose

Wallace

1973

British Journal of Urology

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Summary A relaitively simple procedure th the measurement of urinary chemiluminesece is descirbed and some of the variable affecting such measurmnt are examined. Normal urinary chemiluminescence is due to a low molecular weight and freely dialysible compound. Addition of blood to urine causes chemiluminescence which is not dialysible. Although there was very considerable overlap between the groups, it was found that urinary chemiluminescence was higher in normal smokers than in normal non‐smokers and higher still in patients with bladder cancer. These results were statistically significant. Considering only bladder cancer patients who were also tobacco smokers, the urinary chemiluminescence was higher when tumour was present than when tumour was absent. Oral distribution of ascorbic acid reduced urinary chemiluminescence of both normal smokers and non‐smokers. There were no significant differences in urinary ascorbic acid levels between normal smokers and non‐smokers, and patients with bladder cancer whether smokers or non‐smokers.

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Bladder tumours and smoking

Abstract: The smoking habits of 381

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Does smoking status influence the prognosis of bladder cancer? A systematic review

Does smoking status influence the prognosis of bladder cancer? A systematic review

Bladder cancer and smoking in males: Types of cigarettes, age at start, effect of stopping and interaction with occupation

Observations on Urinary Chemiluminescence of Normal Smokers and Non-smokers and of Patients with Bladder Cancer

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