Bladder Organoids and Spheroids: Potential Tools for Normal and Diseased Tissue Modelling

Vasyutin, Igor; Zerihun, Lillian; Ivan, Cristina; Atala, Anthony

doi:10.21873/anticanres.13219

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…Pre-determination of responsiveness to CPI would be invaluable for patient selection for immunotherapy. Lastly, studies experimenting with GU circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, and tumor organoids have been a novel approach to harness genomic data from in vivo cancer specimen to create a “personalized” genomic panel [204–206]. Prospective clinical trials are warranted to further validate these technologies as a tool for personalized therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging therapeutic agents for genitourinary cancers

Zarrabi

Paroya

2019

J Hematol Oncol

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The treatment of genitourinary malignancies has dramatically evolved over recent years. Renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, and prostate adenocarcinoma are the most commonly encountered genitourinary malignancies and represent a heterogeneous population of cancers, in both histology and approach to treatment. However, all three cancers have undergone paradigm shifts in their respective therapeutic landscapes due to a greater understanding of their underlying molecular mechanisms and oncogenic drivers. The advance that has gained the most recent traction has been the advent of immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immunotherapy has increased overall survival and even provided durable responses in the metastatic setting in some patients. The early success of immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to further drug development with the emergence of novel agents which modulate the immune system within the tumor microenvironment. Notwithstanding immunotherapy, investigators are also developing novel agents tailored to a variety of targets including small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, and novel fusion proteins to name a few. Erdafitinib has become the first targeted therapy approved for metastatic bladder cancer. Moreover, the combination therapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors with targeted agents such as pembrolizumab or avelumab with axitinib has demonstrated both safety and efficacy and just received FDA approval for their use. We are in an era of rapid progression in drug development with multiple exciting trials and ongoing pre-clinical studies. We highlight many of the promising new emerging therapies that will likely continue to improve outcomes in patients with genitourinary malignancies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging therapeutic agents for genitourinary cancers

Zarrabi

Paroya

2019

J Hematol Oncol

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“…For bladder 3D organoids, increased expression of ECM components such as E-cadherin, CK-20, and the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 was observed in the 3D cellular conformation when compared to 2D culture. [24] ECM components are potential penetrative barriers for nanoparticle infiltration in tumor mass. [25] Such ECM layers are typically hydrophilic and may have obstructed the penetration of hydrophobic Ce6 into the spheroid core, which depends on diffusion-driven penetration.…”

Section: Small Clusters Size Is the Most Optimum Nanocarrier For Ce6 mentioning

confidence: 99%

Controllable Assembly of Upconversion Nanoparticles Enhanced Tumor Cell Penetration and Killing Efficiency

et al. 2020

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The use of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for treating deep‐seated cancers and large tumors has recently been gaining momentum. Conventional approaches for loading photosensitizers (PS) to UCNPs using noncovalent physical adsorption and covalent conjugation had been previously described. However, these methods are time‐consuming and require extra modification steps. Incorporating PS loading during the controlled UCNPs assembly process is seldom reported. In this study, an amphiphilic copolymer, poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride), is used to instruct UCNPs assembly formations into well‐controlled UCNPs clusters of various sizes, and the gap zones formed between individual UCNPs can be used to encapsulate PS. This nanostructure production process results in a considerably simpler and reliable method to load PS and other compounds. Also, after considering factors such as PS loading quantity, penetration in 3D bladder tumor organoids, and singlet oxygen production, the small UCNPs clusters displayed superior cell killing efficacy compared to single and big sized clusters. Therefore, these UCNPs clusters with different sizes could facilitate a clear and deep understanding of nanoparticle‐based delivery platform systems for cell killing and may pave a new way for other fields of UCNPs based applications.

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“…The research data using IC/BPS animal models should be meticulously scrutinized before further clinical trials since animal models have limitations in emulating human diseases. Alternatively, the generation of bladder organoids from human stem cells should be considered in the future for studying the pathogenicity of IC/BPS and drug screening [222,223].…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Adult and Pluripotent Stem Cells in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Therapy: Methods and Perspectives

Dayem

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

JCM

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Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a multifactorial, chronic disease without definite etiology characterized by bladder-related pelvic pain. IC/BPS is associated with pain that negatively affects the quality of life. There are various therapeutic approaches against IC/BPS. However, no efficient therapeutic agent against IC/BPS has been discovered yet. Urothelium dysfunction is one of the key factors of IC/BPS-related pathogenicity. Stem cells, including adult stem cells (ASCs) and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced PSCs (iPSCs), possess the abilities of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation into various cell types, including urothelial and other bladder cells. Therefore, stem cells are considered robust candidates for bladder regeneration. This review provides a brief overview of the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of IC/BPS as well as a summary of ASCs and PSCs. The potential of ASCs and PSCs in bladder regeneration via differentiation into bladder cells or direct transplantation into the bladder and the possible applications in IC/BPS therapy are described in detail. A better understanding of current studies on stem cells and bladder regeneration will allow further improvement in the approaches of stem cell applications for highly efficient IC/BPS therapy.

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Bladder Organoids and Spheroids: Potential Tools for Normal and Diseased Tissue Modelling

Cited by 33 publications

References 57 publications

Emerging therapeutic agents for genitourinary cancers

Emerging therapeutic agents for genitourinary cancers

Controllable Assembly of Upconversion Nanoparticles Enhanced Tumor Cell Penetration and Killing Efficiency

Application of Adult and Pluripotent Stem Cells in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Therapy: Methods and Perspectives

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