Bladder cancer screening and monitoring of 4,4′-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) exposure among workers in Taiwan

Chen, Hong-I.; Liou, Saou-Hsing; Loh, Ching‐Hui; Uang, Shi-Nian; Yu, Yi-Chun; Shih, Tung‐Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2005.02.031

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The study identified a proven bladder carcinoma in MBOCA-manufacturing factories; a worker with suspected malignant cells; and a worker with atypical cytology combined with gross hematuria. The findings of this study support the conclusions from other studies that MBOCA is potentially carcinogenic to humans and control measures (such as issuing work clothing that must not be worn at home; requiring to shower at the end of the work shift; and improving the ventilation system) are needed to prevent overexposure from inhalation and skin absorption [37]. …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

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Bladder cancer, a review of the environmental risk factors

et al. 2012

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BackgroundMany epidemiological studies and reviews have been performed to identify the causes of bladder cancer. The aim of this review is to investigate the links between various environmental risk factors and cancer of the bladder.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Scholar Google and Russian Google databases to identify reviews and epidemiological studies on bladder cancer risk factors associated with the environment published between 1998 and 2010. Only literature discussing human studies was considered.ResultsSmoking, mainly cigarette smoking, is a well known risk factor for various diseases, including bladder cancer. Another factor strongly associated with bladder cancer is exposure to arsenic in drinking water at concentrations higher than 300 µg/l. The most notable risk factor for development of bladder cancer is occupational exposure to aromatic amines (2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl and benzidine) and 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), which can be found in the products of the chemical, dye and rubber industries as well as in hair dyes, paints, fungicides, cigarette smoke, plastics, metals and motor vehicle exhaust. There are also data suggesting an effect from of other types of smoking besides cigarettes (cigar, pipe, Egyptian waterpipe, smokeless tobacco and environmental tobacco smoking), and other sources of arsenic exposure such as air, food, occupational hazards, and tobacco. Other studies show that hairdressers and barbers with occupational exposure to hair dyes experience enhanced risk of bladder cancer. For example, a study related to personal use of hair dyes demonstrates an elevated bladder cancer risk for people who used permanent hair dyes at least once a month, for one year or longer.ConclusionSmoking, in particular from cigarettes, exposure to arsenic in drinking water, and occupational exposure to aromatic amines and 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) are well known risk factors for various diseases including bladder cancer. Although the number of chemicals related to occupational exposure is still growing, it is worth noting that it may take several years or decades between exposure and the subsequent cancer.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Most exposure to MBOCA occurs in the workplace; the workers may inhale small particles of MBOCA in the air or absorb MBOCA dust or vapor through the skin [37]. In a Taiwanese study, a total of 70 MBOCA-exposed workers and 92 non-exposed workers were screened for bladder cancer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bladder cancer, a review of the environmental risk factors

et al. 2012

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“…In addition, we conducted a bladder cancer screening program in the four MBOCA producing factories [15]. Although the production of MBOCA in the United States ceased in 1982, it was first listed in the Third Annual Report on Carcinogens in 1983 [7], and MBOCA continues to be manufactured in other countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the production of MBOCA in the United States ceased in 1982, it was first listed in the Third Annual Report on Carcinogens in 1983 [7], and MBOCA continues to be manufactured in other countries. In studies of workers exposed to MBOCA in the United States and Taiwan, cases of urinary-bladder cancer were detected in a screening program [15] [16]; however, there is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of MBOCA [17]. In a small UK cohort of male MBOCA production workers, one urinary bladder cancer death was reported, yielding a statistically nonsignificant five-fold increase in mortality and a three-fold increase in incidence compared to national rates [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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4,4’-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA) May Be Highly Toxic and a Carcinogen Based on an Experimental Study with Mice

Chen¹,

Chi²,

Ko³

et al. 2014

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Abstract4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA) is a probable human carcinogen. Few studies have been performed regarding the genotoxicity of MBCOA, and the MBOCA metabolic pathway is not fully understood. We treated four-week-old ICR male mice weighing 25 -30 g with MBOCA and observed the effects of MBOCA on the internal organs. It can be concluded that MBOCA is a carcinogen and also affects gene regulation. Oral or topical administration of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg MBOCA resulted in 56% -81% of mice showing unusual inflammation, degeneration, and dysplasia in kidney, liver, stomach, intestine and urinary bladder based on histology. Furthermore, we investigated the association between oxidative DNA damage and MBOCA exposure by measuring plasma level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The results showed that the MBOCA-treated mice had significantly higher 8-OHdG levels than the control mice. This study confirms that MBOCA is potentially carcinogenic and highly toxic to both animals and humans.

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4,4′‐Methylen‐bis(2‐chloranilin) (MOCA) [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2013]

Lämmlein¹

2014

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Veröffentlicht in der Reihe Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte), Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), Biologische Leitwerte (BLW) und Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwerte (BAR) , 20. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2013 Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel: Metabolismus und Toxikokinetik Kritische Toxizität Belastung und Beanspruchung Beziehung zwischen äußerer und innerer Belastung Beziehung zwischen innerer Belastung und Beanspruchung Auswahl der Indikatoren Untersuchungsmethoden Hintergrundbelastung Evaluierung

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Bladder cancer screening and monitoring of 4,4′-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) exposure among workers in Taiwan

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Bladder cancer, a review of the environmental risk factors

Bladder cancer, a review of the environmental risk factors

4,4’-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA) May Be Highly Toxic and a Carcinogen Based on an Experimental Study with Mice

4,4′‐Methylen‐bis(2‐chloranilin) (MOCA) [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2013]

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