“…7 Besides, voided urine cytology has low sensitivity and high sample variability. 8,9 Microuidics, as a novel eld, has attracted signicant attention in biochemical analysis, which reduces the consumption and analytical time of samples and achieves high throughput. 10,11 Immunouorescence is mostly used in combination with microuidics to detect BC rapidly due to its superior sensitivity and detection efficiency, which compensates for the shortcomings of traditional detection.…”