Bladder Cancer In Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

Hess, Marika J.; Zhan, Ellen H; Foo, Dominic; Yalla, Subbarao V.

doi:10.1080/10790268.2003.11753702

Cited by 63 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…2 However, the mean age of diagnosis in SCI patients is between 48 and 61 years ( Table 2). [4][5][6][7][9][10][11][13][14][15][16][17][18] A large series by Pannek 15 reported a mean age of bladder cancer diagnosis of 53 years; similarly, Subramonian et al 16 found a mean age of diagnosis at 48 years.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Mortality Of Bladder Cancer In Sci Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bladder cancer in individuals with spinal cord injuries

et al. 2013

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Study design: Prospective scoping review. Objectives: To conduct a scoping review of all the literature related to bladder cancer in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI). Methods: Literature search of the databases Pubmed, CINAHL, ProQuest, PsychINFO and Scopus up to and including August 2012. Articles related to bladder cancer among SCI patients were identified, and data pertaining to epidemiology, risk factors, screening, prevention and management was reviewed and summarized. Results: An association between bladder cancer and SCI was first reported in the 1960s, with some case reports suggesting an alarmingly high rate among SCI patients. More recent epidemiological studies have reported this risk to be substantially lower. However, bladder cancer in SCI patients tends to present at an earlier age and at a more advanced pathological stage than bladder cancer in the general population. Presenting symptoms may be atypical, and early recognition is important to improve prognosis with surgical resection. Several risk factors have been identified, including indwelling catheters, urinary tract infections and bladder calculi. Screening of SCI patients for bladder cancer is routinely recommended in many SCI management guidelines and by expert consensus; however, evidence for screening tools and protocols is lacking. Conclusion: Bladder cancer is a rare, and potentially lethal occurrence in SCI patients. Physicians need to have a high index of suspicion for bladder cancer, particularly among SCI patients managed with long-term indwelling catheters.

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Section: Epidemiology and Mortality Of Bladder Cancer In Sci Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bladder cancer in individuals with spinal cord injuries

et al. 2013

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“…22 While the rates of carcinoma vary substantially, all studies showed a strong association of prolonged catheterization with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the bladder. [21][22][23][24] It is believed that squamous cell carcinoma arises through squamous metaplasia secondary to long-term irritation associated with catheterization and recurrent urinary tract infections. 63 Development of adenocarcinoma is less well understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Conflicting results have been published on the association of spinal cord injury and bladder carcinomas. Some studies report a 16-to 26-fold increased risk of cancer, 21,22 while other studies suggest that the risk is comparable to that of the general population. 23,24 Nevertheless, all groups convincingly show that squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder is overrepresented in this category of patients, comprising 19% 23 to 46.9% 21,22 of all bladder carcinomas; this is significantly higher than in the general population, where non-schistosomal squamous cell carcinoma constitutes only 1.3-3.2% of bladder cancer.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Some studies report a 16-to 26-fold increased risk of cancer, 21,22 while other studies suggest that the risk is comparable to that of the general population. 23,24 Nevertheless, all groups convincingly show that squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder is overrepresented in this category of patients, comprising 19% 23 to 46.9% 21,22 of all bladder carcinomas; this is significantly higher than in the general population, where non-schistosomal squamous cell carcinoma constitutes only 1.3-3.2% of bladder cancer. 11 It is believed that a significant subset of squamous cell carcinoma arises in a background of squamous metaplasia that develops secondary to irritation related to long-term catheterization and recurrent urinary tract infections associated with neurogenic bladder.…”

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Urothelial carcinoma with prominent squamous differentiation in the setting of neurogenic bladder: role of human papillomavirus infection

et al. 2012

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Squamous cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder are rare in the Western world; the majority of cases are reported in countries endemic to Schistosoma parasitic infections. Unlike squamous tumors of the uterine cervix or oropharynx, the human papillomavirus (HPV) is not commonly associated with bladder squamous cell carcinomas. We report on two cases of HPV-positive urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder with extensive squamous differentiation showing the typical basaloid, poorly differentiated morphology of HPV-associated tumors. These occurred in patients with neurogenic bladders who had long-standing histories of selfcatheterization with tumors that tested positive for HPV by in situ hybridization. A retrospective review of our institutional database revealed four additional patients with bladder tumors showing squamous differentiation arising in the setting of neurogenic bladder. Review of these cases showed the more common welldifferentiated keratinizing appearance of squamous cell carcinomas of the bladder. These tumors showed only patchy positivity for p16 immunohistochemical stain (not the diffuse strong staining seen in HPV-positive tumors), and the one tested case was negative for HPV by in situ hybridization. HPV infection and neurogenic bladder have been independently associated with increased risk of developing carcinoma in the urinary bladder; however, this is the first report of squamous tumors arising in the setting of concurrent neurogenic bladder and HPV infection. The morphology of these tumors is similar to that of other high-risk HPV-associated squamous carcinomas with a basaloid, poorly differentiated appearance and little to no keratin formation. Modern Pathology (2012) 25, 1534-1542; doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.112; published online 6 July 2012 Keywords: HPV; neurogenic bladder; squamous cell carcinoma; urothelial cancerThe human papillomavirus (HPV) has an important role as a human carcinogen, with an estimated 10% of cancers worldwide attributed to it. 1 HPV is a small circular double-stranded DNA virus with more than 100 different types described to date. 2 The potential of the virus to cause malignant or benign lesions dictates its classification into low-risk (6,11,40,42, and so on) or high-risk (16,18,31,33,45,51, and so on) types. The prototypical model for carcinogenesis is squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, in which nearly all such carcinomas are associated with HPV infection. 3,4 The oncogenic role of HPV is also well established for a subset of squamous cell carcinomas in the vulva, 5 penis, 6 anus, 7 and oropharynx. 8 The possible role of HPV infection in bladder tumors has not been completely elucidated as HPV detection rates vary widely from 0 to 100%, depending on the study. 9,10 An intriguing issue has been the possible association of the virus with bladder squamous cell carcinoma. The few published studies 11-14 on this relationship have shown a low frequency of HPV detection, implying that HPV is not likely to have a major role in the development of bladd...

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“…cancer incurred the highest cost in a cohort study of american veterans [18]. among cancers, bladder cancer is more frequent among ScI patients, particularly ScI patients with indwelling catheters, as well as those with multiple risk factors like kidney and/or urologic disorders [19]. Kidney and/or urologic disorders are among the most frequent complications in the veterans in the current study group, among whom four to five cancer diagnoses were reported annually, which means up to 0.33% of the participants are living with malignancy.…”

Section: Cancer Malignant Neoplasms (Icd10 Codes: C00-c97)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Complications and Patient Outcomes in Iranian Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury

Javadi¹,

Hafezi-Nejad²,

Vaccaro³

et al. 2014

Adv Clin Exp Med

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Background. Spinal cord injury [ScI] occurring in military veterans is a disabling and highly morbid event. Often the victims are young active males who sustain these injuries during military conflict and suffer from the complications of the ScI for the rest of their lives. Objectives. The aim of the study is to report the epidemiology of Iranian ScI veterans and their health related quality of life, medical complications and patient associated outcomes. Material and Methods. a cohort of 1984 patients was examined to investigate the epidemiology of Iranian ScI veterans of the Iraq-Iran War (1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988); 1803 out of the total number of ScI records were included. Health monitoring was carried out through scheduled monthly visits by general physicians, followed by interviews with specialists from

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Bladder Cancer In Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Bladder cancer in individuals with spinal cord injuries

Bladder cancer in individuals with spinal cord injuries

Urothelial carcinoma with prominent squamous differentiation in the setting of neurogenic bladder: role of human papillomavirus infection

Medical Complications and Patient Outcomes in Iranian Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury

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