Bladder and Female Urethral Diverticula

Urethral caruncle: clinicopathologic features of 41 cases

“…The symptoms experienced by patients in our series ranged from asymptomatic (32%) to 68% experiencing symptoms such as pain, dysuria, or bleeding, as expected, based on the friability and vascular nature of the lesion [8].…”

“…Initial treatment is often conservative with medication such as topical estrogen and anti-inflammatory agents; however, patients with large, refractory, or symptomatic lesions have generally been considered to require more definitive management with excision [8]. Similarly, the lesion may recur after resection as seen in 3 of the included cases.…”

“…Neither an association with urologic malignancy nor a risk of malignant transformation has been described in this setting [2]. However, pathologic confirmation of the diagnosis of urethral caruncle through biopsy or excision is often important because the clinical differential diagnosis includes a wide spectrum of benign and malignant entities [4], such as periurethral gland abscess, urethral diverticulum, carcinoma, squamous intraepithelial neoplasm, and melanoma [6][7][8]. As many as 5% of cases clinically suspected to be urethral caruncle may in fact represent true neoplasms, of which approximately half are malignant [4].…”

Vaginal mass caused by a lately recognized congenital bladder diverticulum

“…1 The incidence of bladder diverticulum in children is 1.7%. 7 The diverticulum generally empties poorly during micturition, leaving a large postvoid residual urine volume that results in the characteristic findings on presentation and imaging.…”

“…Bladder diverticula may be congenital or acquired. 1 Congenital bladder diverticulum usually presents during childhood, with a peak incidence in children under 10 years old. 2 It is usually solitary, but larger in comparison with the acquired ones and more common in boys than girls.…”