Black yeast-like fungi associated with Lethargic Crab Disease (LCD) in the mangrove-land crab, Ucides cordatus (Ocypodidae)

Vicente, Vânia A.; Orélis-Ribeiro, Raphael; Najafzadeh, Mohammad Javad; Sun, Jiufeng; Guerra, Raquel Schier; Miesch, Stephanie; Ostrensky, Antônio; Meis, Jacques F.; Klaassen, Corné H. W.; Hoog, G.S. de; Boeger, Walter A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.01.031

Cited by 68 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Black yeast species with maximum growth temperatures of 42 to 45°C (Exophiala dermatitidis) may have a natural habitat in association with birds and bats, which have a body temperature well above that of humans (72,73). Mesophilic species with maximum growth temperatures of 27 to 33°C are restricted to cold-blooded animals (71) and, rarely, occur in invertebrates (4,74).…”

Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to expectations, black yeasts are not observed as emerging opportunists in immunocompromised or otherwise debilitated vertebrates. In animals, they may take zoonotic proportions, as frequently observed in farmed fish (71) and in crabs (74). In humans, infections by members of the order Chaetothyriales mostly occur in healthy individuals.…”

Section: Comparative Pathogenesis In Humans and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Black Yeasts and Their Filamentous Relatives: Principles of Pathogenesis and Host Defense

et al. 2014

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SUMMARY Among the melanized fungi, the so-called “black yeasts” and their filamentous relatives are particularly significant as agents of severe phaeohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma in humans and animals. The pathogenicity and virulence of these fungi may differ significantly between closely related species. The factors which probably are of significance for pathogenicity include the presence of melanin and carotene, formation of thick cell walls and meristematic growth, presence of yeast-like phases, thermo- and perhaps also osmotolerance, adhesion, hydrophobicity, assimilation of aromatic hydrocarbons, and production of siderophores. Host defense has been shown to rely mainly on the ingestion and elimination of fungal cells by cells of the innate immune system, especially neutrophils and macrophages. However, there is increasing evidence supporting a role of T-cell-mediated immune responses, with increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and low levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) being deleterious during the infection. There are no standardized therapies for treatment. It is therefore important to obtain in vitro susceptibilities of individual patients' fungal isolates in order to provide useful information for selection of appropriate treatment protocols. This article discusses the pathogenesis and host defense factors for these fungi and their severity, chronicity, and subsequent impact on treatment and prevention of diseases in human or animal hosts.

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Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Pathogenesis In Humans and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Yeasts and Their Filamentous Relatives: Principles of Pathogenesis and Host Defense

et al. 2014

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“…It includes saprophytes associated with soil and decaying plant material (Iwatsu 1984;Decock et al 2003;Badali et al 2011), numerous clinically-relevant species (de Hoog et al 2000;Badali et al 2008;Feng et al 2012), and fungi causing disease in aquatic, cold-blooded animals (de Vicente et al 2012). In addition, a number of species in this order are associated with living plants, occurring either as apparently harmless epi-or endophytes (Narisawa et al 2007;Chomnunti et al 2012) or as pathogens (Crous et al 2006(Crous et al , 2007bGueidan et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New and interesting chaetothyrialean fungi from Spain

et al. 2016

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In the course of taxonomic studies on saprobic microfungi from Spain, several slow-growing, dematiaceous hyphomycetes were isolated from soil, submerged plant material and river sediments. Sixteen of these strains were identified as members of the ascomycete order Chaetothyriales on the basis of morphology and DNA sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region and partial large subunit ribosomal RNA gene. These included three novel species (Cladophialophora pseudocarrionii, Cyphellophora chlamydospora, and Rhinocladiella amoena) and five interesting, little-known or clinically-relevant species (Cyphellophora suttonii, Exophiala aquamarina, E. lacus, E. radicis, and Rhinocladiella similis). In addition, Exophiala oligosperma, an emerging opportunistic fungus, was found for the first time in an aquatic freshwater environment (river sediments). Cladophialophora pseudocarrionii resembles C. carrionii in the branching pattern of its conidial chains, but differs from the latter species in its inability to grow at 30 °C. Cyphellophora chlamydospora differs from other species of the genus in the absence of conidiation, producing only chlamydospores in vitro. Rhinocladiella amoena shows branched conidiophores similar to those of R. anceps, R. atrovirens, R. basitona and R. similis, but differs from them in conidial shape and size. The ex-type strain of Phialophora livistonae, included in the phylogenetic study, clustered with high statistical support with members of the genus Cyphellophora and is transferred to this genus.

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“…For instance, Boeger et al (12) and Vicente et al (16) showed that mangrove-land crabs (Ucides cordatus) in Brazil are infected by a new species of black yeast, Exophiala cancerae, and Fonsecaea brasiliensis, causing a disease condition termed "lethargic crab disease." This infection was characterized by high mortalities and dramatically affected the fisheries of this species in parts of Brazil (12,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Molecular Epidemiology of a Fungal Infection of Edible Crabs (Cancer pagurus) and Interaction of the Fungus with the Dinoflagellate Parasite Hematodinium

Smith

Hamilton

Hirschle

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bThis study reports on an emerging fungal disease of the edible crab, Cancer pagurus. Juvenile (prerecruit) crabs were found to be subject to this disease condition during the months of May to September at two intertidal sites in South Wales, United Kingdom. Histopathology revealed that the fungi overwhelm the host response in the tissues, leading to progressive septicemia. The causative agent of this infection was isolated and grown in pure culture and was identified as a member of the Ophiocordyceps clade by sequencing of the small subunit of the fungal ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Of the crabs naturally infected with the fungus, 94% had a coinfection with the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium species. To determine if there was any interaction between the two disease-causing agents, apparently fungus-free crabs, both with and without natural Hematodinium infections, were challenged with the fungal isolate. The presence of Hematodinium caused a significant reduction in fungal multiplication in the hemocoel of the crabs in comparison to that in Hematodinium-free individuals. Histopathology of coinfected crabs showed a systemic multiplication of Hematodinium within host tissues, leading to a rapid death, while Hematodinium-free crabs experimentally infected with the fungal isolate died due to fungal sepsis (septicemia) with the same characteristic pathology as seen in natural infections.

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Black yeast-like fungi associated with Lethargic Crab Disease (LCD) in the mangrove-land crab, Ucides cordatus (Ocypodidae)

Cited by 68 publications

References 28 publications

Black Yeasts and Their Filamentous Relatives: Principles of Pathogenesis and Host Defense

Black Yeasts and Their Filamentous Relatives: Principles of Pathogenesis and Host Defense

New and interesting chaetothyrialean fungi from Spain

Characterization and Molecular Epidemiology of a Fungal Infection of Edible Crabs (Cancer pagurus) and Interaction of the Fungus with the Dinoflagellate Parasite Hematodinium

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