Black Women and Community Violence

Jenkins, Esther J.

doi:10.1300/j015v25n03_03

Cited by 52 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Research suggests that those experiencing higher levels of CV are usually at much higher risk for PTSD symptoms than those who experience less exposure (Jenkins 2002). Among a group of Guatemalan refugees living in Mexico findings suggest that all of the participants interviewed reported experiencing at least one traumatic event, with some experiencing as many as nineteen.…”

Section: Exposure To Violence Ptsd Symptoms and Burnoutmentioning

confidence: 93%

Exposure to Violence, Support Needs, Adjustment, and Motivators Among Guatemalan Humanitarian Aid Workers

Putman

Lantz

Townsend

et al. 2009

American J of Comm Psychol

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Indigenous aid workers carry out the majority of humanitarian aid work, yet there is little empirical information available on their support needs in different contexts. Focus groups (N = 26: Study 1) and a survey (N = 137; Study 2) were conducted with Guatemalan aid workers to explore their exposure to violence, posttraumatic stress symptoms, burnout, support needs, and motivators. Participants reported experiencing an average of 13 events of community violence and 17% reported symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Direct community violence exposure and levels of emotional exhaustion were positively related to PTSD symptoms, while levels of personal accomplishment were inversely related to PTSD symptoms. Expressed support needs, motivators and rewards for aid work in the face of adversity are also reported as potential protective factors for further exploration. Implications for training and support of aid workers in similar contexts are also suggested.

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Section: Exposure To Violence Ptsd Symptoms and Burnoutmentioning

confidence: 93%

Exposure to Violence, Support Needs, Adjustment, and Motivators Among Guatemalan Humanitarian Aid Workers

Putman

Lantz

Townsend

et al. 2009

American J of Comm Psychol

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“…The young adult years, when individuals are most likely to become parents, is a developmental period when psychological distress related to racial discrimination may peak because young adults have developed levels of abstract thinking that allow them to fully consider and fear the potential threat of racial discrimination to the achievement of their life goals (Garbarino 2001;McLoyd 2004) and to their ability to protect their children from harm and the pain of racial discrimination (Jenkins 2002). Thus, exposure to racial discrimination over their lifetime may predict psychological distress in young adults of color because of the saliency of these experiences to quality of life, achievement of future goals, and the ability to successfully raise children (Amaro and Raj 2000;Amaro et al 1987;Dey and Lucas 2006;Gilbert 1991;Jenkins 2002;Schuckit 2000;Williams 1999).…”

Section: Parenting Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, exposure to racial discrimination over their lifetime may predict psychological distress in young adults of color because of the saliency of these experiences to quality of life, achievement of future goals, and the ability to successfully raise children (Amaro and Raj 2000;Amaro et al 1987;Dey and Lucas 2006;Gilbert 1991;Jenkins 2002;Schuckit 2000;Williams 1999). …”

Section: Parenting Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Discrimination: A Continuum of Violence Exposure for Children of Color

Sanders-Phillips

2009

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

111

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This article reviews and examines findings on the impact of racial discrimination on the development and functioning of children of color in the US. Based on current definitions of violence and child maltreatment, exposure to racial discrimination should be considered as a form of violence that can significantly impact child outcomes and limit the ability of parents and communities to provide support that promotes resiliency and optimal child development. In this article, a conceptual model of the effects of racial discrimination in children of color is presented. The model posits that exposure to racial discrimination may be a chronic source of trauma in the lives of many children of color that negatively influences mental and physical outcomes as well as parent and community support and functioning. Concurrent exposure to other forms of violence, including domestic, interpersonal and/or community violence, may exacerbate these effects. The impact of a potential continuum of violence exposure for children of color in the US and the need for future research and theoretical models on children's exposure to violence that attend to the impact of racial discrimination on child outcomes are discussed.

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“…Interpersonal and community violence is a prominent feature in poor, urban settings (Jenkins, 2002;West, 2002). Rennison (2000) found that women who were poor, African American and living in an urban environment reported more ASV than other groups.…”

Section: Women At Risk For Less Social Powermentioning

confidence: 99%