Black-white disparities in the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic illness

Nobles, Carrie J.; Valentine, Sarah E.; Borba, Christina P.C.; Gerber, Monica W.; Shtasel, Derri; Marques, Luana

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.03.126

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…It is interesting to note that adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure in rats produces anxiety-like behaviors during immediate withdrawal, a phenomenon that persists into adulthood (Sakharkar et al, 2014 , 2016 ; Pandey et al, 2015 ). However, in adult rats chronic ethanol exposure also produces anxiety-like behaviors, but these behaviors disappear within a few days of last ethanol exposure (Pandey et al, 1999a ; Zhang et al, 2007 ; Aujla et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Behavioral Effects Of Adolescent Ethanol Exposure Persist Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Alcohol Exposure: Burden of Epigenetic Reprogramming, Synaptic Remodeling, and Adult Psychopathology

et al. 2016

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Adolescence represents a crucial phase of synaptic maturation characterized by molecular changes in the developing brain that shape normal behavioral patterns. Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in these neuromaturation processes. Perturbations of normal epigenetic programming during adolescence by ethanol can disrupt these molecular events, leading to synaptic remodeling and abnormal adult behaviors. Repeated exposure to binge levels of alcohol increases the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and comorbid psychopathology including anxiety in adulthood. Recent studies in the field clearly suggest that adolescent alcohol exposure causes widespread and persistent changes in epigenetic, neurotrophic, and neuroimmune pathways in the brain. These changes are manifested by altered synaptic remodeling and neurogenesis in key brain regions leading to adult psychopathology such as anxiety and alcoholism. This review details the molecular mechanisms underlying adolescent alcohol exposure-induced changes in synaptic plasticity and the development of alcohol addiction-related phenotypes in adulthood.

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Section: Behavioral Effects Of Adolescent Ethanol Exposure Persist Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Alcohol Exposure: Burden of Epigenetic Reprogramming, Synaptic Remodeling, and Adult Psychopathology

et al. 2016

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“…8 Nobles and colleagues found the association between lifetime history of trauma and diabetes to be higher among Blacks compared to Whites. 9 Blacks and Whites with better physical health have higher levels of happiness. 10 However, Blacks and Whites may differ in the association between the two.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Racial Difference in the Relationship Between Health and Happiness in the United States</p>

Cobb¹,

Javanbakht²,

Soltani³

et al. 2020

PRBM

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Background: Although health is a prerequisite for happiness, the salience of health for maintaining happiness may be diminished for Blacks when compared to Whites, a phenomenon which can be explained by the Black-White mental health paradox and minorities' diminished returns. Aim: To understand if Black and White adult Americans differ in the effects of self-rated health (SRH) on happiness. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the General Social Survey (GSS; 1972, a nationally representative survey in the US. Our analytical sample included 42,201 Black and White adults. The independent variable was SRH. Happiness was the dependent variable. Sociodemographic factors were covariates. Race was the moderator. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data without and with interaction terms between race and SRH. Results: Overall, good SRH was positively associated with happiness, however, there was a significant interaction between race/ethnicity and good SRH on the outcome (i.e. happiness) . This finding suggested that the boosting effect of good SRH on happiness is weaker for Black than White people. Conclusion:In the United States, due to a weaker concordance between good health and happiness, Blacks who have poor SRH are more likely to report happiness. At the same time, Whites who are healthy report happiness, however, Blacks who are healthy do not necessarily report happiness. Disjointed link between health and happiness may be due to different racial, ethnic, and cultural perceptions of physical health and happiness as well as salience of physical health as a component of happiness. This may be an adaptive response of Blacks to sociopolitical as well as health-related adversities over centuries as a result of the combination of oppression, injustice, and poverty.

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“…The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist was included to capture the influence of trauma on the study population, which has been shown to be associated with an increased likelihood of cardiovascular events [ 33 ], with a disproportionate effect on African Americans [ 34 ]. The research team also included the MoodZoom survey from the original Automated Monitoring of Severity of Symptoms app and Mood Swipe , a 5-point Likert emoticon-based scale of frowny and smiley faces ( ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Open-Source Privacy-Preserving Large-Scale Mobile Framework for Cardiovascular Health Monitoring and Intervention Planning With an Urban African American Population of Young Adults: User-Centered Design Approach

Clifford¹,

Nguyen²,

Shaw³

et al. 2022

JMIR Form Res

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Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide and are increasingly affecting younger populations, particularly African Americans in the southern United States. Access to preventive and therapeutic services, biological factors, and social determinants of health (ie, structural racism, resource limitation, residential segregation, and discriminatory practices) all combine to exacerbate health inequities and their resultant disparities in morbidity and mortality. These factors manifest early in life and have been shown to impact health trajectories into adulthood. Early detection of and intervention in emerging risk offers the best hope for preventing race-based differences in adult diseases. However, young-adult populations are notoriously difficult to recruit and retain, often because of a lack of knowledge of personal risk and a low level of concern for long-term health outcomes. Objective This study aims to develop a system design for the MOYO mobile platform. Further, we seek to addresses the challenge of primordial prevention in a young, at-risk population (ie, Southern-urban African Americans). Methods Urban African Americans, aged 18 to 29 years (n=505), participated in a series of co-design sessions to develop MOYO prototypes (ie, HealthTech Events). During the sessions, participants were orientated to the issues of CVD risk health disparities and then tasked with wireframing prototype screens depicting app features that they considered desirable. All 297 prototype screens were subsequently analyzed using NVivo 12 (QSR International), a qualitative analysis software. Using the grounded theory approach, an open-coding method was applied to a subset of data, approximately 20% (5/25), or 5 complete prototypes, to identify the dominant themes among the prototypes. To ensure intercoder reliability, 2 research team members analyzed the same subset of data. Results Overall, 9 dominant design requirements emerged from the qualitative analysis: customization, incentive motivation, social engagement, awareness, education, or recommendations, behavior tracking, location services, access to health professionals, data user agreements, and health assessment. This led to the development of a cross-platform app through an agile design process to collect standardized health surveys, narratives, geolocated pollution, weather, food desert exposure data, physical activity, social networks, and physiology through point-of-care devices. A Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant cloud infrastructure was developed to collect, process, and review data, as well as generate alerts to allow automated signal processing and machine learning on the data to produce critical alerts. Integration with wearables and electronic health records via fast health care interoperability resources was implemented. Conclusions The MOYO mobile platform provides a comprehensive health and exposure monitoring system that allows for a broad range of compliance, from passive background monitoring to active self-reporting. These study findings support the notion that African Americans should be meaningfully involved in designing technologies that are developed to improve CVD outcomes in African American communities.

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Black-white disparities in the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic illness

Cited by 10 publications

References 63 publications

Adolescent Alcohol Exposure: Burden of Epigenetic Reprogramming, Synaptic Remodeling, and Adult Psychopathology

Adolescent Alcohol Exposure: Burden of Epigenetic Reprogramming, Synaptic Remodeling, and Adult Psychopathology

<p>Racial Difference in the Relationship Between Health and Happiness in the United States</p>

An Open-Source Privacy-Preserving Large-Scale Mobile Framework for Cardiovascular Health Monitoring and Intervention Planning With an Urban African American Population of Young Adults: User-Centered Design Approach

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