Black-white differences in avoidable mortality in the USA, 1980-2005

Macinko, James; Elo, Irma T.

doi:10.1136/jech.2008.081141

Cited by 40 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This analysis has been at the country level only and has not disaggregated mortality by region, ethnicity or socioeconomic characteristics, so concealing potentially large variations within populations [3]. Evidence from Australia, New Zealand and the United States consistently points to higher levels of amenable mortality among, respectively, the indigenous population and African Americans compared to non-indigenous populations and white Americans [22][23][24]. In the US however the gap varies substantially by state [25], suggesting that observed differences cannot solely be attributed to lifestyle or biological factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in amenable mortality—Trends in 16 high-income nations

2011

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in amenable mortality—Trends in 16 high-income nations

2011

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“…Race-based mortality disparities have been documented among nonHispanic black adults [1][2][3][4] and American Indian and Alaska Native populations, 5,6 although Hispanic adults generally do not differ from whites. [7][8][9] Excess mortality-generally death that occurs before a person reaches average life expectancy-has also been found among residents of nonmetropolitan US counties, [10][11][12][13] although some rural communities differ from this trend.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Risk Of Death In Rural Blacks And Whites Than Urbanites Is Related To Lower Incomes, Education, And Health Coverage

Probst

Bellinger²,

Walsemann³

et al. 2011

Health Affairs

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Health outcomes among rural minority populations are seldom examined. Our research studied mortality among urban and rural white, black, and Hispanic adults ages 45-64, comparing outcomes for each group. We found the mortality risk to be higher among both rural white and rural minority populations compared to urban whites; rural blacks were at higher risk of death than urban blacks. When personal characteristics and circumstances of these populations-such as level of education, presence of health insurance, and income above or below the poverty line-were held statistically equal, disparities were reduced or eliminated. Our study suggests that policies directed toward reducing differences related to education, poverty, and health insurance would go a long way toward eliminating the disparities in health status between urban and rural populations.

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“…To be sure, investigators have extensively studied the racial/ethnic disparities that persist despite overall gains in life expectancy and in specific health indicators in the last 15 years. [25][26][27][28][29] However, to our knowledge, health scholars have not investigated the different trajectories of city distress as a factor explaining health disparities and urban health. Several influential studies have demonstrated that health disparities exist between Blacks and Whites within cities, [30][31][32] and that the health of Blacks in cities is worse than that of Blacks in rural areas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%