Black Truffle Aqueous Extract Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in STZ-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats via Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Tuber melanosporum (black truffle) has been considered as a medicinal mushroom for a long time. T. melanosporum has the ability to attenuate oxidative stress and in turn diabetes mellitus (DM). DM has become an awfully common chronic unwellness, threatening people’s well-being. There are nearly 1 in 10 people in the world affected by diabetes. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in vascular complications related to DM. Our study aimed to attain an effective treatment method to alleviate oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and reducing inflammation, to display how truffle aqueous extract (TE) attenuates hyperglycemia.Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic rat model was accustomed to check the hypoglycemic effect of black truffle by relating it with Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Varied biomarkers and inflammatory markers were analyzed.Results: Rats treated with TE showed reduced glucose levels, attenuated oxidative stress through regulation of SOD, CAT, VIT-E, and VIT-C. The gene expression of Nrf2 and NF-κB in rats treated with TE was increased to normal group level. The mRNA expression of inflammatory pathway genes and oxidative stress pathway genes in rats treated with TE was brought back normal. Similar results were achieved in the rats treated with standard drug, glibenclamide (GB). TE conjointly inhibits the state of inflammation within the tissues generally littered with the symptoms of hyperglycemia.Conclusion: The results of our study show the hypoglycemic impact of black truffle on STZ-induced hyperglycemia in rats via Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways, and both pathways have significant improvement that may support the hypoglycemic impact of truffle.

Anti-Diabetic Effects and Mechanisms of Dietary Polysaccharides

“…However, the antioxidant agents derived from dietary sources are promising elements to scavenge cell generating free radicals and protects β -cells. These antioxidant agents generally augment cellular antioxidant enzymes and inhibit β -cell apoptosis, which has been demonstrated to improve β -cell dysfunction and protect β -cells against glucotoxicity in diabetic animal models [5,94,95].…”

“…In general, oxidative stress is connected with chronic inflammation in T2DM. During inflammation, several pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, interferon gamma (IF-γ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), serve key functions in the dysfunction of islet cells and insulin receptors in the pancreas and eventually β -cell death [3,4,95,121]. Studies have shown that treatment using anti-inflammatory agents, including IL-1 and receptor antagonists, normalize glucose in the blood, improve insulin secretion, and decrease inflammation causing islet fibrosis.…”

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids against the Emerging Opportunistic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

“…These ethnopharmacological techniques have been reinforced to yield bioactive compounds that support to improve modern medicine as beneficial tools [67][68][69][70]. Bioactive compounds often contribute a noteworthy function in drug finding by helping as a novel drug of interest and templates for synthetic agents [71][72][73]. Copious investigations have established that natural bioactive compounds have possible antimycobacterial activities [2,60,74,75].…”

Antioxidant Versus Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Mushroom-Enriched Diets on Mitochondria in Liver Disease

“…(black truffle), demonstrating decreased oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver. This effect was paralleled by an improvement of the total antioxidant capacity (T-OAC), CAT and SOD activity and vitamin C and E content in liver, which is comparable to the level of the positive control, treated with glibenclamide, a drug prescribed for T2DM (Table 1) [243,255].…”