Black Truffle, a Hermaphrodite with Forced Unisexual Behaviour

Selosse, Marc‐André; Schneider‐Maunoury, Laure; Taschen, Elisa; Rousset, François; Richard, Franck

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.05.010

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This condition was also confirmed in T. melanosporum (Riccioni et al, 2008;Rubini et al, 2011a) and T. borchii , indicating that heterothallic life style is common within the Tuber genus and fruiting body production depends on the mating between mycelia harbouring different mating types. Mycelia of both mating types can act as a maternal partner, indicating hermaphroditism (Selosse et al, 2017). The haploid maternal genotype of truffles forms the sterile tissues of the fruiting body, and it is fed from the surrounding mycorhizas throughout the maturation time (Rubini et al, 2011a;Le Tacon et al, 2013;Murat et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the field, T. melanosporum displays a strong genetic isolation with strains of opposite mating types spatially confined in separate patches in which a few dominant genotypes can persist throughout the years (Rubini et al, 2011b;Taschen et al, 2016;De la Varga et al, 2017). Due to the important turnover and small spatial size of the paternal genotypes, it has been suggested that in most cases germinating ascospores could act as a paternal partner (Selosse et al, 2013;Le Tacon et al, 2016;Taschen et al, 2016;De la Varga et al, 2017;Selosse et al, 2017). However, this hypothesis remains to be demonstrated, and the nature of the paternal genotype is still unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ascoma genotyping and mating type analyses of mycorrhizas and soil mycelia of Tuber borchii in a truffle orchard established by mycelial inoculated plants

Leonardi

Murat

Puliga

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Tuber borchii (the Bianchetto truffle) is a heterothallic Ascomycete living in symbiotic association with trees and shrubs. Maternal and paternal genotype dynamics have already been studied for the black truffles Tuber melanosporum and Tuber aestivum but not yet for T. borchii. In this study, we analysed maternal and paternal genotypes in the first truffle orchard realized with plants inoculated with five different T. borchii mycelia. Our aims were to test the persistence of the inoculated mycelia, if maternal and/or paternal genotypes correspond to inoculated mycelia and to assess the hermaphroditism of T. borchii. The mating type of each isolate as well as those of mycorrhizas, ascomata and extraradical soil mycelia was determined. Moreover, simple sequence repeat (SSR) profiles of maternal and paternal genotypes were assessed in 18 fruiting bodies to investigate the sexual behaviour of this truffle. The maternal genotypes of the fruiting bodies corresponded to those of the inoculated mycelia with only two exceptions. This confirmed that the inoculated mycelia persisted 9 years after plantation. As regards paternal partner, only two had the same genotype as those of the inoculated mycelia, suggesting hermaphroditism. Most of the new paternal genotypes originated from a recombination of those of inoculated mycelia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascoma genotyping and mating type analyses of mycorrhizas and soil mycelia of Tuber borchii in a truffle orchard established by mycelial inoculated plants

Leonardi

Murat

Puliga

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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“…‘male-male competition’ and ‘female choice’, also apply to fungi [15,16]. In many groups of fungi, different sex roles can be distinguished [17–19], which can result in different phenotypes [20], and there is a skew between the number of fertilizing individuals and individuals to be fertilized [21]. We have previously demonstrated that there is genetic variation in competitive ability and in choice between fungal individuals during mating [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear arms races: Experimental evolution for mating success in the mushroom-forming fungus Schizophyllum commune

Nieuwenhuis

Aanen

2018

PLoS ONE

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When many gametes compete to fertilize a limited number of compatible gametes, sexual selection will favour traits that increase competitive success during mating. In animals and plants, sperm and pollen competition have yielded many interesting adaptations for improved mating success. In fungi, similar processes have not been shown directly yet. We test the hypothesis that sexual selection can increase competitive fitness during mating, using experimental evolution in the mushroom-forming fungus Schizophyllum commune (Basidiomycota). Mating in mushroom fungi occurs by donation of nuclei to a mycelium. These fertilizing ‘male’ nuclei migrate through the receiving ‘female’ mycelium. In our setup, an evolving population of nuclei was serially mated with a non-evolving female mycelium for 20 sexual generations. From the twelve tested evolved lines, four had increased and one had decreased fitness relative to an unevolved competitor. Even though only two of those five remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons, for all five lines we found a correlation between the efficiency with which the female mycelium is accessed and fitness, providing additional circumstantial evidence for fitness change in those five lines. In two lines, fitness change was also accompanied by increased spore production. The one line with net reduced competitive fitness had increased spore production, but reduced fertilisation efficiency. We did not find trade-offs between male reproductive success and other fitness components. We compare these findings with examples of sperm and pollen competition and show that many similarities between these systems and nuclear competition in mushrooms exist.

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“…They reported that each DNA sample of T. melanosporum analyzed displayed the presence of either the MAT1-2 or the MAT1-1 idiomorph. Previous studies indicated that although black truffle spores of both mating types coexisted on young seedlings, one of the mating types was progressively supplanted over time [ 32 ]. These findings are consistent with the results of this study, which showed that in natural-truffle-producing-areas, the MAT1-2-1 gene could be detected in only three of the collected soil samples (Ti-S-3, Ti-S-4, and Ti-S-6), suggesting that the MAT1-1-1 gene may be excluded over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Uneven Distribution of Mating Type Genes in Natural and Cultivated Truffle Orchards Contributes to the Fructification ofTuber indicum

Sun

et al. 2018

Mycobiology

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The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of distribution of mating type (MAT) genes of Tuber indicum in ectomycorhizosphere soils from natural T. indicum-producing areas and cultivated truffle orchards and ascocarp samples from different regions. Quantitative real-time PCR and multiplex PCR were used to weight the copy numbers of MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 in natural truffle soils and cultivated orchard soils. The effect of limestone on the pattern of truffle MAT genes and the correlation between soil properties and the proportion of MAT genes were also assessed. These results indicated that an uneven and nonrandom distribution of MAT genes was common in truffle-producing areas, cultivated truffle orchards, and ascocarps gleba. The competition between the two mating type genes and the expansion of unbalanced distribution was found to be closely related to truffle fructification. Limestone treatments failed to alter the proportion of the two mating type genes in the soil. The content of available phosphorus in soil was significantly correlated with the value of MAT1-1-1/MAT1-2-1 in cultivated and natural ectomycorhizosphere soils. The application of real-time quantitative PCR can provide reference for monitoring the dynamic changes of mating type genes in soil. This study investigates the distributional pattern of T. indicum MAT genes in the ectomycorhizosphere soil and ascocarp gleba from different regions, which may provide a foundation for the cultivation of T. indicum.

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Black Truffle, a Hermaphrodite with Forced Unisexual Behaviour

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Ascoma genotyping and mating type analyses of mycorrhizas and soil mycelia of Tuber borchii in a truffle orchard established by mycelial inoculated plants

Ascoma genotyping and mating type analyses of mycorrhizas and soil mycelia of Tuber borchii in a truffle orchard established by mycelial inoculated plants

Nuclear arms races: Experimental evolution for mating success in the mushroom-forming fungus Schizophyllum commune

The Uneven Distribution of Mating Type Genes in Natural and Cultivated Truffle Orchards Contributes to the Fructification ofTuber indicum

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