Black-to-transmissive polymer films via electrochemical copolymerization with high-performance electrochromic and supercapacitor bifunction

Hydrogen‐Bonding Induced Crosslinked Polymer Network for Highly Stable Electrochromic Device and a Construction Strategy for Black‐Bilayer Electrochromic Film

“…The area‐specific capacitance is used to evaluate the energy storage properties and is given by Equation . [ 41 ] $$$$\begin{equation}{C}_{\mathrm{a}} = It/{{\Delta}}U\end{equation}$$$$…”

“…The area-specific capacitance is used to evaluate the energy storage properties and is given by Equation 2. [41] C a = It∕ΔU (2) Where C a is the area-specific capacitance (mF cm −2 ), I is the current density (mA cm −2 ), ΔU is the difference in applied voltage (V), and t is the discharge time (s). It is calculated that the C a of the film is 5.3 mF cm −2 at a current density of 0.5 mA cm −2 .…”

Recent advances in electrochromic materials and devices for camouflage applications

“…Electrochemical polymerization is a well-established methodology to prepare polymer film directly on an electrode surface without unmanageable chemical polymerization reactions and complicated purifications. 98,99 Cheng Zhang et al 87 prepared a star-shaped thiophene derivative P6 consisting of one central core of phenyl and three arms of bithiophene by electrochemical polymerization (Fig. 5d).…”

Color-to-white switching electrochromic devices constructed by combining fused thienothiophene polymers and high-reflectivity electrolyte

“…3(f ) and 4(c)). [46][47][48] The switching response time and stability of the polymer films are evaluated using successive square-wave potentials, and the results are shown in Fig. 4.…”