Black titania an emerging photocatalyst: review highlighting the synthesis techniques and photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation

Abstract

Schematic representations of black TiO2 preparations and its modifications to achieve benchmark hydrogen evolution.

Insights into the Photocatalytic Memory Effect of Magneto-Plasmonic Ag–Fe3O4@TiO2 Ternary Nanocomposites for Dye Degradation and H2 Production under Light and Dark Conditions

“…In addition to the O L 1s peak at 529.7 eV, the deconvoluted spectrum exhibits a peak at 530.9 eV, which is typically ascribed to the oxygen vacancies (O V ), and its increased intensity may denote the abundant presence of vacancies (oxygen) in the composite. The origin of the formation of vacancies in TiO 2 could be due to the addition of NaBH 4 during the composite formation with Fe 3 O 4 and Ag . Further, the peak at 532.1 eV could be attributed to the adsorbed oxygen in the composites .…”

“…The origin of the formation of vacancies in TiO 2 could be due to the addition of NaBH 4 during the composite formation with Fe 3 O 4 and Ag. 29 Further, the peak at 532.1 eV could be attributed to the adsorbed oxygen in the composites. 30 A study by Fang et al 24 reported that the chemical reduction by NaBH 4 leads to the self-doping of Ti 3+ into the TiO 2 system via the reaction 8Ti 4+ + NaBH 4 + 2H 2 O → 8Ti 3+ + NaBO 2 + 8H + , and the emergence of Ti 3+ eventually leads to the formation of rich-oxygen defects in TiO 2 .…”

Understanding the role of metal supported on TiO2 in photoreforming of oxygenates

“…With increased knowledge of its electronic structure and stability under reaction conditions, additional research with the goal of producing black TiO2 under milder, less energy-intensive conditions may help further improve its activity. 326 It appears that H2 production using TiO2 based catalyst has reached its plateau and there is only a marginal increase in rates. Further work needs to be focused more on fundamental understanding using state-of-the-art facilities that bring progressive improvement in capabilities.…”

“…With increased knowledge of its electronic structure and stability under reaction conditions, additional research with the goal of producing black TiO 2 under milder, less energy-intensive conditions may help further improve its activity. 326…”

Nanoarchitecture of a Ti3C2@TiO2 Hybrid for Photocatalytic Antibiotic Degradation and Hydrogen Evolution: Stability, Kinetics, and Mechanistic Insights

“…Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has been considered to be one of the most encouraging photocatalysts because of its cost-effectiveness, suitable band-edge alignment, excellent chemical and thermal stability, photocorrosion resistance, strong redox ability, and less toxic nature. Meanwhile, its wide band gap (3.0–3.2 eV), quick e – /h + pair recombination, and low visible-light absorption limit TiO 2 -based photocatalysts to large-scale applications. − Hence, enormous scientific achievements have been proposed to improve the charge-separation efficiency of TiO 2 mainly by incorporating other components like cocatalysts, metal oxides, and carbonaceous two-dimensional (2D) materials. − Therefore, it is meaningful to obtain hybrid catalysts with high photocatalytic activity.…”