Black Thyroid Associated with Thyroid Carcinoma

Abstract

Objective. Black thyroid is a rare pigmented change seen almost exclusively in patients upon minocycline ingestion, and the process has previously been thought to be generally benign. There have been 61 reported cases of black thyroid. We are aware of 13 cases previously reported in association with thyroid carcinoma. This paper reports six patients with black thyroid pigmentation in association with thyroid carcinoma. Design. The medical records of six patients who were diagnosed with black thyroid syndrome, all of whom underwent thyroid surgery, were reviewed. Data on age, gender, race, preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA), thyroid function levels, and pathology reports were collected. Main Outcome. The mean age was 60 years. There were 5 females, 4 of whom were African American. All patients were clinically and biochemically euthyroid. Black pigmentation was not diagnosed in preoperative FNA, and only one patient had a preoperative diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The other patients underwent surgery and were found to have black pigmentation of the thyroid associated with carcinoma. Conclusions. FNA does not diagnose black thyroid, which is associated with thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid glands with black pigmentation deserve thorough pathologic examination, including several sections of each specimen.

Thyroid Cancer in Black Thyroid Glands: The Effect of Age and Race

“…Furthermore, the presence of black thyroid pigmentation warrants meticulous pathological examination of more blocks sampled from specimens [11]. In 1996, Onyia et al [12 ]recommended thyroid lobectomy for patients with a black thyroid gland who presented with nodular thyroid disease.…”

Severe and Persistent Thyroid Dysfunction Associated with Tetracycline-Antibiotic Treatment in Youth

“…1 The association with black pigmentation without alteration in thyroid gland function has been firmly established by autopsy studies. 2–4 In contrast, thyroid dysfunction due to tetracycline-class drugs is rarely reported in adults and only two cases of minocycline-induced thyroid dysfunction have been described in the pediatric population. In both of these cases, thyroid dysfunction was associated with concomitant autoimmune thyroiditis 5 or other autoimmunity.…”