Black start test of the Swedish power system

Abstract

This paper reports on the black start test of the Swedish power system, performed by Svenska Kraftnät, early October 2010. The tests, performed on a regular basis, aim at verifying the black start capability of the Swedish and Nordic system, with respect to total black start of a number of power stations, energizing of major transmission lines, synchronizing of additional power stations, energizing of more lines, and finally system loading. The test system includes three major power stations and a controllable load. The test is focused on voltage control and governor control, of the entire test system, as well as on the capability of the individual power units. During the test, synchronized phasor measurements were performed in two major power stations and in substations along the power system. The recordings show that the black start strategy applied, as well as the generating units involved, are very well suited for black start of the Nordic system. The test system was exposed to stepwise load increases of 100 MW, and responded very accurately. Minor shortcomings in the frequency control were observed. The black start test also serves as a performance quality check of the normal operation ancillary services provided by the generators involved in the test. One of the PMUs used for the recordings was perfectly synchronized with a 140 m long antenna cable.Index Terms-black start, phasor measurements, voltage control, governor control.

Power system restoration: a literature review from 2006 to 2016

“…[27] summarizes the main problems to be addressed during the field tests, and proposes a black-start field test management method based on the plan-do-check-action (PDCA) model to achieve standardized management of black-start field tests. Italy [17], Japan [28] and Sweden [29] have also reported their experiences of black-start tests in verifying the feasibility of black-start schemes. These field tests provide valuable advice to help system operators to improve their restoration schemes.…”

Optimisation for unit restarting sequence considering decreasing trend of unit start‐up efficiency after a power system blackout

“…In terms of the negative impacts from blackouts on life, economy and other fields about social welfare, the restoration work of large interconnected power grids has aroused wide attention. A lot of valuable research achievements, such as extensive simulations and studies [11, 12], black start tests [13, 14], data collection in the blackouts [15, 16], have been obtained.…”

Forecasting Models for Hydropower Unit Stability Using LS-SVM

“…Sun et al [13] made stability tests for the ALSTOM units on the left bank of the Three Gorge hydropower station under low head and gave suggestions for the operation. Fendin et al [14] gave a black start test of the Swedish power system, which is focused on voltage control and governor control as well as on the capability of the individual power units. Khodabakhchian et al [15] performed a more thorough EMTP investigation in which the models and data were adjusted to reproduce recordings from a field test and proposed a test procedure to determine the parameters of a hydraulic turbine model.…”