Black soldier fly larvae (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) strengthen the metabolic function of food waste biodegradation by gut microbiome

Jiang, Cheng-Liang; Jin, Wei-Zheng; Tao, Xin-Hua; Zhang, Qian; Zhu, Jun; Feng, Shiyun; Xu, Xinhua; Li, Hongyi; Wang, Zehua; Zhang, Zhijian

doi:10.1111/1751-7915.13393

Cited by 136 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…The increases in the relative abundance of specific microbial clades in Atlantic salmon fed the insect meal diet may be explained by feed-borne microbiota and/or feed composition. Bacterial taxa, including Actinomyces, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Oceanobacillus and RsaHF231, have been found in black soldier fly whole larvae or larvae intestine (64)(65)(66)(67). The fact that RsaHF231 has not been documented in fish before indicates that these bacterial taxa may have partially originated from black soldier fly larvae meal.…”

Section: Sample Origin Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Response of Digesta- and Mucosa-Associated Intestinal Microbiota to Dietary Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal in Seawater Phase Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Bruni

Jaramillo-Torres

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Intestinal digesta is commonly used for studying responses of microbiota to dietary shifts, yet evidence is accumulating that it represents an incomplete view of the intestinal microbiota. In a 16-week seawater feeding trial, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed either a commercially-relevant reference diet or an insect meal diet containing 15% black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal. The digesta-and mucosa-associated distal intestinal microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Regardless of diet, we observed substantial differences between digesta-and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota. Microbial richness and diversity were much higher in the digesta than the mucosa. The insect meal diet altered the distal intestinal microbiota resulting in higher microbial richness and diversity. The diet effect, however, depended on the sample origin. Digesta-associated intestinal microbiota showed more pronounced changes than the mucosa-associated microbiota. Lastly, multivariate association analyses identified two mucosa-enriched taxa, Brevinema andersonii and unclassified Spirochaetaceae, associated with the expression of genes related to immune responses and barrier function in the distal intestine, respectively. Overall, our data clearly indicate that responses in digesta-and mucosa-associated microbiota to dietary inclusion of insect meal differ, with the latter being more resilient to dietary changes. Microbiota | Gut biogeography | Atlantic salmon | Diet | Black soldier fly Correspondence: yanxianl@nmbu.no Characterizing intestinal microbiota and its associationsLi & Bruni et al. | bioRχiv | May 24, 2020 | 1-8 with host responses is an essential step towards identifying key microbial clades promoting fish health and welfare. Ultimately, a milestone in the fish microbiota research would be knowing how to selectively manipulate the microbiota to improve the growth performance, disease resistance and health status of farmed fish. The main aims of the work presented herein were (i) to compare distal intestinal microbiota of Atlantic salmon fed a commercially relevant diet and an insect meal-based diet, (ii) to further explore the dissimilarity between digesta-and mucosa-associated microbiota and the differences in their response to dietary changes, and (iii) to identify associations between microbial clades and host responses. This work was part of a larger study consisting of a freshwater and seawater feeding trial that aimed to investigate the nutritional value and possible health effects for Atlantic salmon of a protein-rich insect meal produced from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. The present work focuses on the intestinal microbiota in seawater phase Atlantic salmon fed an insect meal diet containing 15% black soldier fly larvae meal for 16 weeks. Results on feed utilization, growth performance, fillet quality, intestinal histomorphology and gene expression have been reported elsewhere (30-32). ResultsHereafter, different sample groups are named based on the combination of die...

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Section: Sample Origin Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Response of Digesta- and Mucosa-Associated Intestinal Microbiota to Dietary Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal in Seawater Phase Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Bruni

Jaramillo-Torres

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The amount of food provided was determined by preliminary experiments that resulted in low survivorship (<20%) when newly hatched BSF larvae were placed on ≥100 g of poultry manure. It appeared that the young larvae were not able to process the manure before unfavorable microbes proliferated [51,52]; therefore, in an effort to avoid overfeeding and reduce the effect of competition, the minimum amount of fresh poultry manure for BSFs was determined to be 0.6 g/larva (>70% survivorship). However, as previously discussed, moisture and nutrient content are reduced in aging manure, and manure with HFs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific Competition between the House Fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) and Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) When Reared on Poultry Manure

Miranda¹,

Cammack²,

Tomberlin³

2019

Insects

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Few studies have examined the competitive interaction between the house fly (HF) and the black soldier fly (BSF). The fact that the BSF deters HF oviposition is widely cited in BSF literature, but this interaction has not been assessed in over three decades. In this study, the competitive interaction of BSF and HF larvae was observed on fresh (day 0) and aged poultry manure (manure aged for two, four, six, or eight days). Specifically, a priority effect study was conducted to determine if colonization sequence influences time to first pupariation (HF) or pre-pupation (BSF), survivorship, and weight. Results show >70% of HFs reached pupariation in all treatments except when placed on manure eight days after the initial inoculation with BSF. However, age of the resource negatively impacted time to first pupariation and puparium weight when HFs were reared alone or introduced two to eight days after BSF. No BSF pre-pupae resulted from treatments in which HFs were the pioneering species. BSFs reached the highest percent pre-pupation when reared alone on fresh manure, but BSFs may be more susceptible to the negative impacts of an aging resource, as no pre-pupae were observed when provided with six- or eight-day-old manure. Similar to HFs, age of the resource may have impacted development and survivorship; other factors such as moisture content, chemical composition, and amount of resource provided may have also impacted our results. These data may be useful in implementing BSFs as biological control agents of the HF, as well provide valuable information for facilities mass-producing HFs or BSFs for food or feed.

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“…It therefore plays a significant role in mass rearing of insects. Relevant examples are bacterial species from potential black soldier fly competitors such as the lesser mealworm A. diaperinus, which repel egg deposition by black soldier flies (Zheng et al, 2013a), and the ability of insects like black soldier fly and housefly to detoxify toxic compounds and antibiotics from waste products due to genes expressed by their microbiome (Jiang et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2014). The type of substrate used to feed the insects also feeds back to the microbiome, determining its composition.…”

Section: Viruses In the Microbiomes Of Edible Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible insects unlikely to contribute to transmission of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

Dicke

Eilenberg

Salles³

et al. 2020

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed

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In the context of food safety, edible insects are evaluated for biological hazards such as microbial pathogens according to regulations currently in place. When the European Food Safety Authority evaluated the hazards of edible insects as a potential source of pathogenic viruses for humans and livestock, the novel zoonotic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 had not yet emerged but other pathogenic coronaviruses such as SARS (SARS-CoV) and MERS (MERS-CoV) were known. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, animal sources of protein for human consumption are being evaluated for the risks of being a transmission vector of coronaviruses, like SARS-CoV-2. Insects lack a receptor that can bind SARS-CoV-2, thus preventing the virus from replicating in insects, unlike some vertebrate livestock species and companion animals. Despite extensive monitoring, coronaviruses have never been recorded in insect microbiomes. Contamination of insects produced for food or feed may occur during the production process, resulting from rearing substrate or from insect farmers. However, the currently permitted rearing substrates do not include animal products and the farming process is highly automated, thus limiting interactions between farmers and insects. If contamination would still occur, the fact that the insects in production are not hosts to SARS-CoV-2 precludes virus replication and the further processing of the insects will destroy the contamination. We conclude that the hazard of edible insects being a transmission vector of SARS-CoV-2 is extremely low.

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Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) strengthen the metabolic function of food waste biodegradation by gut microbiome

Cited by 136 publications

References 84 publications

Differential Response of Digesta- and Mucosa-Associated Intestinal Microbiota to Dietary Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal in Seawater Phase Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Differential Response of Digesta- and Mucosa-Associated Intestinal Microbiota to Dietary Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal in Seawater Phase Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Interspecific Competition between the House Fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) and Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) When Reared on Poultry Manure

Edible insects unlikely to contribute to transmission of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

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