Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) reared on roasted coffee by-product and Schizochytrium sp. as a sustainable terrestrial ingredient for aquafeeds production

Zarantoniello, Matteo; Zimbelli, Andrea; Randazzo, Basilio; Compagni, Martina Delli; Truzzi, Cristina; Antonucci, Matteo; Riolo, Paola; Loreto, Nino; Osimani, Andrea; Milanović, Vesna; Giorgini, Elisabetta; Cardinaletti, Gloriana; Tulli, Francesca; Cipriani, Renato; Gioacchini, Giorgia; Olivotto, Ike

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734659

Cited by 70 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…(Sommacampagna, VR, Italy) and stored at 4 • C. Growth substrates were formulated as follows; control substrate E, 100% coffe silverskin (CS); substrates As, Bs, Cs, and Ds: CS added with 5%, 10%, 20%, and 25% of Schyzochytrium sp., respectively; substrates Ai, Bi, Ci, and Di: CS added with 5%, 10%, 20%, and 25% Isochrysis sp., respectively. Water was added to all the substrates, to reach an optimal moisture close to 70% [10], as reported in Truzzi et al (2020) [36]. Microalgae and growth substrates samples were stored at −20 • C for PTEs determination.…”

Section: Insect Growth Substrate Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groups contained 750 larvae (6 days old, hand counted). Rearing conditions are explained in detail in Truzzi et al (2020) [36]. Briefly, larvae were reared in a climatic chamber at 27 ± 1 • C and 650 ± 50 g/kg relative humidity [40] in continuous darkness.…”

Section: Rearing Of Hermetia Illucens Larvaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…HI larvae are characterized by a high protein (up to 42%) and fat (up to 30%) content [10][11][12], a short life cycle [13], low environmental footprint [14], and preference for organic by-products as growth substrate [4,15,16]. Therefore, HI is one of the most promising insect species to meet the future lack of conventional feed and food ingredients, the excessive production of agro-food waste [17][18][19], and the mitigation of climate change [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Chemically Safe Way to Produce Insect Biomass for Possible Application in Feed and Food Production

Truzzi

Annibaldi

Girolametti

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, HI, Diptera, Stratiomydae) has great potential as a food and feed ingredient in the European Union (EU). The production of insects as livestock feed or as food ingredients requires strict monitoring of the content of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the growth substrate, to meet the security requirements. This study aims to investigate the presence of PTEs, like cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, and nickel, in HI prepupae and in their growth substrates based on coffee roasting by-product and microalgae Schizochytrium sp. and Isochrysis sp. Analyses were carried out via graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry for Cd, Pb, Ni, and As, and via Direct Mercury Analyzer for Hg. All element concentrations found in growth substrates were below the legal limit of undesirable substances in animal feed (2002/32/EC). Elements concentrations in HI prepupae were in the range (mg kg−1 wet weight) of 0.072 to 0.084 for Cd, 0.018 to 0.026 for Pb, 0.010 to 0.032 for Hg, 0.036 to 0.047 for As, and 0.18 to 0.76 for Ni. Even if HI prepupae accumulated Cd, Pb, and Hg, our results indicated that the risk of exposure to PTEs from HI prepupae consumption is relatively low and in compliance with EU regulations.

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Section: Insect Growth Substrate Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rearing Of Hermetia Illucens Larvaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Chemically Safe Way to Produce Insect Biomass for Possible Application in Feed and Food Production

Truzzi

Annibaldi

Girolametti

et al. 2020

IJERPH

Self Cite

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“…In Africa, insects contribute to the livelihoods and food security of households by generating significant income, and creating employment for the local communities [3]. Edible insect species that are considered unsuitable for consumption by humans have also been used as ingredients to substitute conventional protein sources, e.g., fishmeal in poultry, fish and pig feeds, thus contributing indirectly to human diets [4][5][6]. Already in East Africa, edible insect farming initiatives have taken off, and some countries have developed regulatory mechanisms to mainstream their production and use, for example, in animal feeds [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Traditional Processing Techniques on the Nutritional and Microbiological Quality of Four Edible Insect Species Used for Food and Feed in East Africa

Nyangena

Mutungi

Imathiu

et al. 2020

Foods

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Edible insects are increasingly being considered as food and feed ingredients because of their rich nutrient content. Already, edible insect farming has taken-off in Africa, but quality and safety concerns call for simple, actionable hazard control mechanisms. We examined the effects of traditional processing techniques—boiling, toasting, solar-drying, oven-drying, boiling + oven-drying, boiling + solar-drying, toasting + oven-drying, toasting + solar-drying—on the proximate composition and microbiological quality of adult Acheta domesticus and Ruspolia differens, the prepupae of Hermetia illucens and 5th instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. Boiling, toasting, and drying decreased the dry matter crude fat by 0.8–51% in the order: toasting > boiling > oven-drying > solar-drying, whereas the protein contents increased by 1.2–22% following the same order. Boiling and toasting decreased aerobic mesophilic bacterial populations, lowered Staphylococcus aureus, and eliminated the yeasts and moulds, Lac+ enteric bacteria, and Salmonella. Oven-drying alone marginally lowered bacterial populations as well as yeast and moulds, whereas solar-drying alone had no effect on these parameters. Oven-drying of the boiled or toasted products increased the aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts but the products remained negative on Lac+ enteric bacteria and Salmonella. Traditional processing improves microbial safety but alters the nutritional value. Species- and treatment-specific patterns exist.

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“…BSFL is an interesting insect from a nutritional perspective, as it has a diversity of micro-and macronutrients, and as a result it is widely used as a feed source for animals such as chickens (Pieterse, Erasmus, Uushona, & Hoffman, 2019), fish (Huyben, Vidaković, Werner Hallgren, & Langeland, 2019;Zarantoniello et al, 2020), and pigs (Veldkamp & Bosch, 2015). Their use as feedstuff for ruminants has been less successful due to the high chitin and fat content, which has a negative effect on fermentation and digestibility (Jayanegara, Novandri, Yantina, & Ridla, 2017).…”

Section: Nutritional Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why for feed and not for human consumption? The black soldier fly larvae

Bessa

Pieterse

Marais

et al. 2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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With the surge in consumption of insects, the search continues to find ways to increase the popularity of insect‐based products in the Western world. The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), which is mainly utilized for animal feed, has great potential to provide a sustainable source of nutrients for human food. This review aims to discuss some of the key benefits and challenges of BSFL and their potential role as a food ingredient and/or product for human consumption. Few articles specifically discuss BSFL as a food source, therefore a comprehensive literature search strategy consisted of collecting and evaluating published data about BSFL as animal feed that could be relevant to its use in food. The hurdles that need to be overcome in order to introduce BSFL as a viable food option include safety concerns, technofunctional properties, nutritional aspects, consumer attitudes, and product applications for BSFL.

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Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) reared on roasted coffee by-product and Schizochytrium sp. as a sustainable terrestrial ingredient for aquafeeds production

Cited by 70 publications

References 86 publications

A Chemically Safe Way to Produce Insect Biomass for Possible Application in Feed and Food Production

A Chemically Safe Way to Produce Insect Biomass for Possible Application in Feed and Food Production

Effects of Traditional Processing Techniques on the Nutritional and Microbiological Quality of Four Edible Insect Species Used for Food and Feed in East Africa

Why for feed and not for human consumption? The black soldier fly larvae

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