Black Sea Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora) adult locomotion and light-induced behavior in laboratory experiments

Баяндина, Ю. С.; Кирин, М. П.; Krivenko, Olga

doi:10.1016/j.seares.2021.102152

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It was suggested that the early cydippid phase is not a larval phase but rather an autonomous life history phase of M. leidyi and other ctenophores ( 6 ). Indeed, cydippid-phase M. leidyi are free-swimming pelagic predators, able to reproduce and exhibit complex behaviors as described for their second, reproductive, lobate phase ( 35 – 37 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syncytial nerve net in a ctenophore adds insights on the evolution of nervous systems

Burkhardt

Colgren

Medhus

et al. 2023

Science

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A fundamental breakthrough in neurobiology has been the formulation of the neuron doctrine by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, which stated that the nervous system is composed of discrete cells. Electron microscopy later confirmed the doctrine and allowed the identification of synaptic connections. In this work, we used volume electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstructions to characterize the nerve net of a ctenophore, a marine invertebrate that belongs to one of the earliest-branching animal lineages. We found that neurons in the subepithelial nerve net have a continuous plasma membrane that forms a syncytium. Our findings suggest fundamental differences of nerve net architectures between ctenophores and cnidarians or bilaterians and offer an alternative perspective on neural network organization and neurotransmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syncytial nerve net in a ctenophore adds insights on the evolution of nervous systems

Burkhardt

Colgren

Medhus

et al. 2023

Science

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show abstract

“…It was suggested that the early cydippid-phase is not a larval but rather autonomous life history phase of M. leidyi and other ctenophores 6 . Cydippidphase M. leidyi are free-swimming pelagic predators, able to reproduce and exhibit complex behaviors similar to their second reproductive, lobate-phase [33][34][35] . Even if the syncytial organization of the SNN becomes synaptic during this cydippid-lobate-transition, M. leidyi offers a unique new model system to understand basic neuronal mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syncytial nerve net in a ctenophore sheds new light on the early evolution of nervous systems

Burkhardt

Medhus

Digel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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SummaryA fundamental breakthrough in neurobiology has been the formulation of the neuron doctrine by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, which states that the nervous system is composed of discrete individual cells. Electron microscopy later confirmed the doctrine and allowed the identification of synaptic connections. Here we use volume electron microscopy and 3D reconstructions to characterize the nerve net of a cydippid-phase ctenophore, belonging to one of the earliest-branching animal lineages. We found that neurons of its subepithelial nerve net do not follow Cajal’s neuron doctrine but instead show a continuous plasma membrane forming a syncytium. This is more similar to the reticulate theory of the nervous system put forward by Camillo Golgi. Additionally, we were able to identify new sensory cell types and describe simple neuro-sensory circuits for cydippid-phase ctenophores. Together with the ctenophore-specific synaptic architecture and the presence of an extensive repertoire of lineage-specific neuropeptides our morphological data provide substantial evidence for the independent evolution of the nervous system of ctenophores and the remaining animals.

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“…Ctenophore behavioral responses to light were not known until recently, although photoreceptor-like structures have been described previously in several species. We have shown early that adult ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi respond to a sharp illumination change with a short-term increase in speed of movement [1]. Molecular aspects of light reception were studied on the same lobate ctenophore.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light perception in Beroidae ctenophores: evidence from laboratory experiments and genomics data

Baiandina

2022

The Thirteenth International Multiconference

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Motivation and Aim: Ctenophores are the basal Metazoa branch in which the evolution of the mechanisms of animals' light perception could be realized for the first time [2,3]. However, there is a little bit of evidence about any aspects of light perception in ctenophores. Ctenophore behavioral responses to light were not known until recently, although photoreceptor-like structures have been described previously in several species. We have shown early that adult ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi respond to a sharp illumination change with a short-term increase in speed of movement [1]. Molecular aspects of light reception were studied on the same lobate ctenophore. In the M. leidyi genome, three opsin genes have been identified [2], two of them can be assigned to the group of ciliary opsins with ahigh confidence [3]. Here, we present the first experimental results on Beroe ovata response to high-intensity light exposure, as well as an analysis of the available transcriptomic data aimed to identify genes responsible for light perception in Beroidae. Methods and Algorithms: Adult Beroe ovata were collected from the Black Sea nearshore waters (Martynova Bay, Sevastopol) in August 2021. Animals were placed in laboratory aquariums and the video recording of their behavioral responses to point illumination of various parts of their body (aboral organ, cten, and lobes) with lasers of violet, green, and red spectra was carried out. Video processing and analysis was conducted using Davinci Resolve video editor, ImageJ image analysis program with wrMTrck_Batch plug-in, and CtenophoraTrack data analysis program. The search for protein sequences that may relate to photoreception was performed based on the analysis of transcriptomes of four Beroidae species available at NCBI: Beroe forskalii /USA: South Carolina/ (SRA: SRR6074515); Beroe ovata /USA: South Carolina/ (SRR6074516), Beroe sp. UF-2017 /Australia: Moreton Bay, Queensland/ (SRR5892577), Beroe sp. UF-2017 / Antartica: Weddell Sea/ (SRR5892576), as well as own transcriptome data on Beroe ovata /Russia: Sevastopol/. Data pre-preprocessing, de novo transcriptome assembling, prediction of protein sequences, and automatic annotation were carried out using the following programs: fastP v0. 23.2, Trinity v2.13.2, TransDecoder v5.5.0, BLAST v.2.12.0, HMMER 3.2.1. SwisProt (11/17/2021) and Pfam-A (11/15/2021) Databases are used for annotation, as well as the Opsin database formed on the basis of SwisProt and TrEMBL Results: After illumination of the adult B. ovata aboral organ with a violet spectrum laser pronounced behavioral responses were observed. Within 1-5 sec after the starting of exposure, the ctenophores shrink the body and entrails near the statocyst and begin to move from the laser beam (at a speed of about 3 mm/s) rotating the body so that the laser does not hit the aboral organ. No pronounced reactions of B. ovata to high-intensity light

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Black Sea Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora) adult locomotion and light-induced behavior in laboratory experiments

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Syncytial nerve net in a ctenophore adds insights on the evolution of nervous systems

Syncytial nerve net in a ctenophore adds insights on the evolution of nervous systems

Syncytial nerve net in a ctenophore sheds new light on the early evolution of nervous systems

Light perception in Beroidae ctenophores: evidence from laboratory experiments and genomics data

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