Black Sea gas hydrates: safe long terms storage of CO<sub>2</sub> with environmentally friendly energy production

Kvamme, Bjørn; Vasilev, Atanas

doi:10.1039/d2se01725c

Cited by 6 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 87 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Solid black curve is calculated hydrate stability limits for pure CH 4 hydrate while blue curve is calculated hydrate stability limits for a mixture of 1.75 mol% H 2 S and rest CH 4 . The two points from Nyegga and the highest (closest to seafloor) point from Danube appear to be close to pure CH 4 hydrates while the deepest one from Danube might contain H2S based on the calculations as well as observations of H 2 S containing hydrates in the Black Sea 85,86. Red dash dot curve is for hydrates from pure CO 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Hydrates is the Black Sea was analyzed by Kvamme & Vasilev 85,86 in terms of possible injection gas mixtures for combined CO 2 storage and CH 4 production. Offshore hydrates around the world dissociate due to inow of seawater through fracture systems.…”

Section: Co 2 Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pressure temperature corresponding to depths for two hydrate sections at Danube [86][87][88] and two hydrate sections from Nyegga 88 are plotted in Fig. 24 below along with corresponding free energies and some possible injection mixtures.…”

Section: Co 2 Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Black Sea hydrate production value and options for clean energy production

Kvamme

Vasilev

2023

RSC Adv.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Co 2 Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Black Sea hydrate production value and options for clean energy production

Kvamme

Vasilev

2023

RSC Adv.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, subsea basins and ocean seafloors are open for huge CO 2 storage in the form of hydrates or compressed liquid. Owing to significant advantages and large-scale potential, the storage of CO 2 in clathrate hydrates under subsea reservoirs and bulk oceans has gained much attention recently. , Although CO 2 storage in subsea basins and ocean seafloors is reliable and technologically feasible, their ecological impact on marine ecology is still not identified. However, storage in subsea basins as hydrates is safer and ecologically benign without affecting the marine environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally Sustainable Large-Scale CO₂ Sequestration through Hydrates in Offshore Basins: Ab Initio Comprehensive Analysis of Subsea Parameters and Economic Perspective

Kumar

Sangwai

2023

Energy Fuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Immediate measures are required to tackle global warming and climate change that may require the storage of enormous quantities of anthropogenic CO2 in geological and oceanic reservoirs. In terrestrial storage sites, CO2 is buoyant due to the subsurface temperature profile. Therefore, if the reservoir is not adequately sealed, stored CO2 can escape from geological formations. Alternatively, oceanic sequestration has immense potential to facilitate long-term sequestration of CO2 beneath the seafloor, thereby assisting the wider scientific and industrial community to make the world carbon neutral. There is a far-reaching scope for discussion in this aspect that will open up new avenues for future developments in this area. This article discusses the long-term viability, environmental sustainability and economic potential of CO2 sequestration in the form of hydrates into oceanic and subsea sediments. Analysis shows that at above 2800 m depth, CO2 is denser than seawater, which offers an additional gravitation barrier for CO2 to escape. This article offers an in-depth analysis of CO2 sequestration conditions, along with challenges and outlook with relevance to hydrate-based CO2 sequestration in oceanic conditions. Moreover, the crucial role of negative buoyancy and hydrate-forming zones (NBZ/HFZs) and analysis of depth criterion in oceanic conditions have been highlighted. The review also envisages that sequestration in NBZ region offers stable storage for years even in geological perturbation and earthquakes; however the depth of HFZ and NBZ regions depends on sedimentary type, storage conditions, temperature and pressure.

show abstract

“…The injection gas was simply too dilute in N 2 to be able to create a new hydrate with free water in the pores [14]. Given this, we proposed a new systematic scheme for the evaluation of injection gas feasibility for combined, safe, long-term storage and energy production in the form of CH 4 release [15]. CO 2 undergoes a phase transition to a higher density at a temperature slightly above 284.14 K. This leads to a jump in hydrate stability pressures for CO 2 hydrate and hydrates created from CO 2 /N 2 mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Feasibility of the Black Sea CH4 Hydrate Replacement by CO2 Hydrate

Kvamme

Vasilev

2023

Energies

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is an international consensus that reductions of CO2 emissions are needed in order to reduce global warming. So far, underground aquifer storage of CO2 is the only commercially active option, and it has been so since 1996, when STAOIL started injecting a million tons of CO2 per year into the Utsira formation. Storage of CO2 in the form of solid hydrate is another option that is safer. Injection of CO2 into CH4 hydrate-filled sediments can lead to an exchange in which the in situ CH4 hydrate dissociates and releases CH4. Two types of additives are needed, however, to make this exchange feasible. The primary objective of the first additive is related to hydrodynamics and the need to increase injection gas permeability relative to injection of pure CO2. This type of additive is typically added in amounts resulting in concentration ranges of additive in the order of tens of percentages of CO2/additive mixture. These additives will, therefore, have impact on the thermodynamic properties of the CO2 in the mixture. A second additive is added in order to reduce the blocking of pores by new hydrates created from the injection gas and free pore water. The second additive is a surfactant and is normally added in ppm amounts to the gas mixture. A typical choice for the first additive has been N2. The simple reasons for that are the substantial change in rheological properties for the injection gas mixture and a limited, but still significant, stabilization of the small cavities of structure I. There are, however, thermodynamic limitations related to adding N2 to the CO2. In this work, we discuss a systematic and consistent method for the evaluation of the feasibility of CO2 injection into CH4 hydrate-filled reservoirs. The method consists of four thermodynamic criterions derived from the first and second laws of thermodynamics. An important goal is that utilization of this method can save money in experimental planning by avoiding the design of CO2 injection mixtures that are not expected to work based on fundamental thermodynamic principles. The scheme is applied to hydrates in the Black Sea. Without compositional information and the knowledge that there is some verified H2S in some sites, we illustrate that the observed bottom hydrate stability limits are all with hydrate stability limits of hydrates containing from 0 to 3 mole% H2S. A limited number of different injection gas mixtures has been examined, and the optimum injection gas composition of 70 mole% CO2, 20 mole% N2, 5 mole% CH4, and 5 mole% C2H6 is feasible. In addition, a surfactant mixture is needed to reduce blocking hydrate films from injection gas hydrate.

show abstract

Black Sea gas hydrates: safe long terms storage of CO₂ with environmentally friendly energy production

Abstract: Safe long terms storage of CO2 in the form of hydrate with associated energy production from hydrate reservoirs is an attractive concept. We propose a scheme for systematic thermodynamic evaluation...

Cited by 6 publications

References 87 publications

Black Sea hydrate production value and options for clean energy production

Black Sea hydrate production value and options for clean energy production

Environmentally Sustainable Large-Scale CO₂ Sequestration through Hydrates in Offshore Basins: Ab Initio Comprehensive Analysis of Subsea Parameters and Economic Perspective

Thermodynamic Feasibility of the Black Sea CH4 Hydrate Replacement by CO2 Hydrate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Black Sea gas hydrates: safe long terms storage of CO2 with environmentally friendly energy production

Abstract: Safe long terms storage of CO2 in the form of hydrate with associated energy production from hydrate reservoirs is an attractive concept. We propose a scheme for systematic thermodynamic evaluation...

Cited by 6 publications

References 87 publications

Black Sea hydrate production value and options for clean energy production

Black Sea hydrate production value and options for clean energy production

Environmentally Sustainable Large-Scale CO2 Sequestration through Hydrates in Offshore Basins: Ab Initio Comprehensive Analysis of Subsea Parameters and Economic Perspective

Thermodynamic Feasibility of the Black Sea CH4 Hydrate Replacement by CO2 Hydrate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Black Sea gas hydrates: safe long terms storage of CO₂ with environmentally friendly energy production

Environmentally Sustainable Large-Scale CO₂ Sequestration through Hydrates in Offshore Basins: Ab Initio Comprehensive Analysis of Subsea Parameters and Economic Perspective