Black rice cultivar from Java Island of Indonesia revealed genomic, proteomic, and anthocyanin nutritional value

Abstract

Black rice is considered to be functional food containing anthocyanins as bioactive compounds. This study examined the genomic and proteomic patterns in local black rice from Java Island, Indonesia, with attention to the mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis. Three kinds of black rice from Java Island, including black rice from East Java (BREJ), black rice from Central Java (BRCJ), and black rice from West Java (BRWJ), were studied in comparison to white rice (WREJ) and red rice (RREJ). Genomic profiling was done by simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis, and sequencing of red coleoptile (Rc) and glycosyltransferase (GT) genes, followed by in silico analysis. Total anthocyanin was investigated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography- diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD). The proteomic profiles were determined by liquid-chromatography and mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides. The SSR profiles showed a specific band in each black rice variant. The Rc gene exon-2 sequences were similar in the three black rice cultivars. The GT gene sequence was identified as a new variant that correlates with the purple stem, leaf, bran, and whole grain morphology seen exclusively in the BRWJ cultivar. The anthocyanin composition in Java black rice is diverse. The highest cyanidin level was seen in BRWJ and the highest level of peonidin-3-O-glucoside in BREJ. Proteomic profiling of the black rice cultivars demonstrated that the expression of proteins that might be related to the levels of anthocyanin synthesis varied. These studies conclude that the genomic, proteomic and anthocyanins composition of Java black rice cultivars may be used the improvement of their functional nutrition values.

Black-Eyed Pea Diet Alleviates High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol In Menopausal Women; Randomized Clinical Trial Study

“…Phytosterol was reported that inhibit cholesterol absorption [14,15,[17][18][19][20]. Anthocyanins from black rice also ameliorated hyperlipidemia based on in vivo and silico studies [21][22][23][24]. Previous research reported that an isoflavone from lactic-acid fermented soy milk lowered lipid gene metabolism expression in rats fed a high cholesterol diet [17].…”

Efek Hipoglikemia Formula Herbal Antidiabetes Pada Tikus Diabetes Yang Diinduksi Alloxan

“…Beberapa bahan herbal yang dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes antara lain kopi (Bare et al, 2019b), beras hitam (Fatchiyah et al, 2020(Fatchiyah et al, , 2023Sari et al, 2021), beras merah (Agustin et al, 2021), Morus alba L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum J.Presl, Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Przeor, 2022), Zingiber officinale Rosc. , Cinnamomum burmannii (Bare et al, 2019a), Senna alexandrina (Rosmalena et al, 2022), Caesalpinia sappan (Sari et al, 2022a), Ruellia tuberosa (Safitri et al, 2020), Momordica charantia (Patel et al, 2012), Allium sativum (Patel et al, 2012), dan lainnya.…”

“…Mekanisme antidiabetes pada herbal diantaranya menghambat alpha amylase, alpha glukosidase, memperbaiki kerusakan pankreas, liver dan ginjal (Roosdiana et al, 2020;Safitri et al, 2021b). Selain itu, beberapa senyawa yang terkandung dalam herbal juga menurunkan efek diabetes mellitus dengan meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan (Sari et al, 2021;Fatchiyah et al, 2023), mencegah dan memperbaiki disfungsi sel beta pankreas, berperan sebagai agen terapi komplikasi diabetes mellitus (Przeor, 2022), dan efek hipolipidemia (Sari et al, 2020(Sari et al, , 2023c(Sari et al, , 2023b.…”