Black Raspberry Seed Oil Improves Lipid Metabolism by Inhibiting Lipogenesis and Promoting Fatty‐Acid Oxidation in High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obese Mice and db/db Mice

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of α-linolenic acid-rich black raspberry seed (BRS) oil on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese and db/db mice. Five-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed diets consisting of 50% calories from lard, 5% from soybean, and 5% from corn oil (HFD), or 50% calories from lard and 10% from BRS oil (HFD + BRS oil diet) for 12 weeks. Six-week-old C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were fed diets consisting of 16% calories from soybean oil (standard diet), 8% from soybean, and 8% from BRS oil, or 16% from BRS oil for 10 weeks. The BRS oil diets lowered the levels of triacylglycerol, nonesterified fatty acids, and total cholesterol in serum and liver of both of the obese and db/db mice as compared with the HFD and standard diet, respectively. mRNA levels of lipogenesis markers including cluster of differentiation 36, fatty-acid-binding protein 1, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, fatty-acid synthase, and solute carrier family 25 member 1 in the liver of the BRS oil groups were lower than those in the liver of the HFD and standard groups in the obese and db/db mice, respectively. On the other hand, fatty-acid oxidation markers including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase α, and acyl-CoA oxidase in the liver of the BRS oil groups were higher than those in the liver of the HFD and standard groups in the obese and db/db mice, respectively. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α mRNA and protein levels increased in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue of the obese and db/db mice fed BRS oil compared with HFD and standard diet, respectively. BRS oil might improve lipid metabolism by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting fatty-acid oxidation in HFD-induced obese and db/db mice.

Soyasaponin ameliorates obesity and reduces hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation by suppressing lipogenesis in high‐fat diet‐fed mice

“…20(S)‐Protopanaxatriol, an aglycone steroid saponin categorized as a ginsenoside, demonstrates inhibitory activity against liver X receptor α (LXRα)‐mediated lipogenic genes such as SREBP‐1c, decreasing TAG accumulation in hepatocytes (Oh et al., 2015). Enhancement of β‐oxidation is also one of the pathways to ameliorate fatty liver (Lee et al., 2018). In β‐oxidation related gene and enzymes, the SAP inhibited the activities of CPT‐II and ACO and mRNA level of PPAR‐α (Table 5 & Figure 6A).…”

A Review on Berry Seeds—A Special Emphasis on Their Chemical Content and Health-Promoting Properties

“…Lee et al [ 50 ] studied the effect of α-linolenic acid-rich black raspberry seed oil on the metabolism of lipids in high-fat diet–induced obese and db/db mice. It reduced the levels of non-esterified fatty acids, triacylglycerol, and total cholesterol in the liver and serum of both the obese and db/db mice.…”

Hydrogen applications: advances in the field of medical therapy

“…The wild type of obese db/db mice lacking functional leptin receptors can induce fatty liver through a high-fat diet. 30 Kamimura et al 31 found that H 2 -enriched water could significantly improve the fatty liver of db/db mice, and long-term consumption could significantly control the fat and body weight, and lower plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels. The function of fibroblast growth factor 21 is to stimulate fatty acids and consume glucose and promote the recognition of E-linkage.…”