Black Raspberry Extract and Fractions Contain Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Abstract

Targeted therapies, such as agents that inhibit angiogenesis, offer hope as complementary agents in cancer therapy. Angiogenesis-inhibiting agents have the potential for inhibiting tumor growth and limiting the dissemination of metastasis, thus keeping cancers in a static growth state for prolonged periods. Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) extract was discovered to be antiangiogenic (0.1% w/v) in a novel human tissue-based in vitro fibrin clot angiogenesis assay. Assay-guided fractionation of a crude black raspberry extract resulted in a highly potent antiangiogenic fraction that accounted for only 1% of the fresh weight of whole black raspberries. At 0.075% (w/v), the active fraction completely inhibited angiogenic initiation and angiogenic vessel growth. Further subfractionation of this active fraction revealed the coexistence of multiple antiangiogenic compounds, one of which has been identified as gallic acid. However, the individual subfractions did not outperform the active whole fraction. These findings suggest that an active black raspberry fraction may be a promising complementary cancer therapy. It is natural and potent enough for manageable dosing regimens. These extracts contain multiple active ingredients that may be additive or synergistic in their antiangiogenic effects. These observations warrant further investigations in animals and human trials.

Antioxidant properties of fruits of raspberry and blackberry grown in central Europe

“…The other biologically important phenolics are flavonol glycosides (including quercetin-3-glucuronide and kaempferol-3-glucuronide), flavan-3-ols (mainly (+)-catechin) and hydroxy acids (gallic, salicyl, caffeic, p-hydroxybenoic, ferulic, p-cumaric, cinnamic and vanillic acids) [5,12]. Phytochemicals present in black raspberries reduce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, which contributes to metastasis inhibition [23,24]. Many raspberry and blackberry phenolics exhibit antimicrobial [25,26] and antiviral [27] activities.…”

The effects of various drip fertigated water quantities on flavonoid and anthocyanin content on hydroponically cultivated Cucumis sativa L.

“…Anthocyanins of fruit extracts (blueberry, bilberry, cranberry, strawberry, raspberry) indicated to inhibit either the introduction of carcinogenesis or the development of tumors (esophageal, colon, liver). More specifically cyanidin and delphinidin inhibited the enlargement of particular tumor cells by inhibition of the epidermal growth-factor receptor (Liu et al, 2005) The synthesis and release of phenolic compounds such as flavonoid and anthocyanins are induced by various biotic and abiotic factors. Phosphorous deficiency can, for example, induce the accumulation of phenolics in plants (Ndakidemi, 2006).…”

Neuroprotective Properties of Gallic Acid from Sanguisorbae Radix on Amyloid .BETA. Protein (25-35)-Induced Toxicity in Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons

“…In vivo and in vitro studies have concluded that various beneficial effects of gallic acid and plants containing it were mainly due to its antioxidant effect. [17][18][19][20][21] Some gallic acid derivatives were demonstrated to have neuroprotective activity in 6-hydroxydopamine treated SH-SY5Y cells. Their neuroprotective properties depended on free radical scavenging effect.…”

“…16) Due to this antioxidant effect, gallic acid containing plant extracts have showed the antidiabetic, antiangiogenic and antimelanogenic effects and reduced heart infarction incidence and oxidative liver and kidney damage. [17][18][19][20][21] Recently, gallic acid has been mentioned to protect Ab-induced neuronal death in in vitro. 22) However, it remains undemonstrated how gallic acid exerts neuroprotection against Ab-induced neuronal damage.…”