Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Grafted with Gold Nanorods and Carbon Nanodots for Synergistic Antitumor Therapy

Abstract

Synergetic photothermal/photodynamic/chemotherapy receives significant attention for precise in vivo cancer treatment. Despite plenty of encouraging photosensitizers explored, integrated nanoagents with multiple functions are still highly desired. In this study, novel nanocomposites coupling black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets, gold nanorods (AuNRs), carbon nanodots (CDs), and doxorubicin (Dox) are prepared. The nanoagents exhibit high antitumor activity on account of their broad light absorption, excellent catalytic ability, and significant photothermal and photodynamic effects. CDs not only emit bright fluorescence for accurate diagnosis and guiding of tumor treatment but also catalyze the generation of ROS for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The released Dox induces apoptosis of cells and increases the levels of H2O2 to promote PDT. AuNRs are the main photothermal therapy (PTT) material that converts light into heat. Moreover, BP can be used to enhance both PTT and PDT efficiencies, and the two therapy modes can be cooperatively reinforced. It is also found that the local immune microenvironment of the tumors is activated. The strategy makes good use of the features of each component. Satisfactory antitumor phenomena are well confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results. This study provides new insights into enhanced synergetic therapy, highlighting the great utility of BP-based nanoagents in the field of nanomedicine.

Controllable Preparation and Research Progress of Photosensitive Antibacterial Complex Hydrogels

“…Oxidative stress, which occurs when ROS concentrations exceed the limits of a cell's antioxidant defense system, causes damage to the nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids of bacteria [88]. Currently, commonly used PSs include porphyrins [89], organic dyes [90], conjugated polymers [91], zinc oxide [92], molybdenum disulfide [93], black phosphorus [94], and graphene and its derivatives [95]. PSs produce ROS under light irradiation of the appropriate wavelength to achieve the purpose of killing bacteria.…”

Brain‐Targeted Black Phosphorus‐Based Nanotherapeutic Platform for Enhanced Hypericin Delivery in Depression

“…[11,12] BP nanosheets have proven effective as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) agents in treating various diseases, especially cancer. [10,13,14] However, their potential in treating neurological and psychiatric disorders remains largely unexplored. Recent studies have indicated that BP nanosheets can enhance BBB permeability following exposure to NIR irradiation, sparking interest in their utilization as versatile agents for treating neurodegenerative disorders.…”

Cell Membrane Camouflaged Biomimetic Nanocomplex Based on Black Phosphorus Nanosheets to Modulate T Cells for Melanoma Immunotherapy

“…Its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability confer great potential in the field of biomedicine. Owing to its high photothermal conversion efficiency and unique electronic structure, many researchers have utilized it in PTT and PDT. − However, using PTT alone may not yield a satisfactory therapeutic effect due to the high expression of programmed death cell protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1).…”