Black Phosphorus-Graphite Material Composites with a Low Activation Energy of Interfacial Conductivity

Abstract

The reaction kinetics of electrochemical lithiation/delithiation in a composite consisting of black phosphorus and cup-stacked carbon nanotube (BP-CSCNT) were investigated. Two semicircles were observed in Nyquist plots at the high and low frequency regions, which were attributed to the resistance of lithium-ion transport through the surface film and the resistance of the alloying/dealloying reaction (charge-transfer resistance), respectively. The activation energy using the charge transfer reaction was evaluated from the temperature-dependence of the interfacial conductivity. Even with the use of ethylene carbonate-based and propylene carbonate electrolytes, the activation energy was calculated to be 25-26 kJ mol −1 , which is much smaller than that obtained with graphite electrodes and cathode materials. These results indicate that the ionic charge transfer process in BP-CSCNT composite electrodes is not coupled with the desolvation process and suggest that the charge transfer in BP-CSCNT is exceptionally fast compared to that in other insertion materials.

Preface for the 66th Special Feature “Novel Aspects and Approaches to Experimental Methods for Electrochemistry”

“…219 He started his academic career as the assistant professor in 2017. As well as continuous studies on oxygen electrocatalysis, 220,221 his current research focuses on lithium-ion batteries 60,222,223 and other rechargeable batteries. One of the papers published in Electrochemistry has received Excellent Paper Award of ECSJ in 2021.…”

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