Black Phosphorus Based All-Optical-Signal-Processing: Toward High Performances and Enhanced Stability

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) shows thickness dependent direct energy band-gaps in association with strong light-matter interaction and broadband optical response, rendering it with promising optoelectronic advantages particularly at the telecommunication band. However, intrinsic BP suffers from irreversible oxidization, restricting its competences toward real device applications. As one potential of 2D materials, all-optical signal processing sensitively depends on the strength of light−matter interaction. BP can be utilized as a novel optical medium. Herein, fewlayer BP is synthesized with metal-ion-modification against oxidation and degradation, and then the feasibility of BP-coated microfiber as an optical Kerr switcher and a four-wave-mixing-based wavelength converter is demonstrated. The wavelength-tuning, long-term stability, wide-band RF frequency, and time-repeating measurements confirm that this optical device can operate as a broadband all-optical processor. It is further anticipated that metal-ion-modified BP might provide a new effective option for photonic applications toward high performances and enhanced stability.

2D Layered Materials: Synthesis, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Device Applications

“…In addition, another group of researchers also fabricated a graphene‐deposited microfiber, which can generate the cascaded four‐wave mixing effect, as shown in Figure . Very recently, the researchers also explored the all‐optical‐signal‐processing by using the topological insulator, black phosphorus, and antimonene, respectively, as shown in Figure . It should be pointed out that the development of these all‐optical devices has just started, and a lot of work needs to be further studied.…”

Strong-field nonlinear optical properties of monolayer black phosphorus

“…2,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Devices based on the linear optical response of BP, such as photodetectors [26][27][28][29] and optical modulators, 30 have been reported. Besides, the nonlinear optical properties of BP in the perturbative regime have also been studied, demonstrating its great potential in light absorption, 31 optical modulation, 32 and all-optical signal processing, 33 etc. Apart from these, BP presents a higher free-carrier mobility (about 1000 cm 2 V −2 s −1 ) 1,2 compared to other TMDs semiconductors such as MoS 2 (around 200 cm 2 V −2 s −1 ).…”

Recent Advances on Black Phosphorus Based Electrocatalysts for Water‐Splitting

“…Several stabilization strategies had been demonstrated, including surface coordination, [67] covalent functionalization, [68,69] noncovalent functionalization, [70] encapsulation, [71] fluorinated treatment, [72] as well as metalion-modification. [73] Our group engineered the electronic structure of cobalt nanoparticles/BP nanosheets (Co/BP) catalyst, where by using the active lone-pairs at the surface of BP, electron migration was realized from BP to Co due to the higher Fermi level of BP than that of Co (Figure 3a). The preferential migration of the active lone-pairs protected BP against degradation, giving rise to excellent electrocatalytic stability, and outstanding OER performance (Figure 3b) with a low overpotential (310 mV at 10 mA cm À 2 ), which can be competitive with commercial IrO 2 (297 mV).…”