Black Phosphorus and Carbon Nitride Hybrid Photocatalysts for Photoredox Reactions

Abstract

The development of metal‐free photocatalysts with high efficiency, stability, and broadband solar absorption is a major challenge to realize green and sustainable chemical development. Recently, metal‐free nanohybrids (BP/CN) composed of black phosphorus (BP) and polymeric carbon nitride (CN) are emerged as photocatalytic hybrids with broadband light‐harvesting capabilities and higher photocatalytic performance. Herein, the latest progress of BP/CN hybrids for multifarious photoredox reactions is summarized. The different heterojunction types of BP/CN hybrid photocatalysts, including type I, type II, and multicomponent heterojunctions, are illustrated. Furthermore, the relevant applications of BP/CN hybrid photocatalysts for photocatalytic water splitting, CO2 photoreduction, N2 fixation, H2O2 production, pollutant decomposition, and bacterial inactivation are discussed. An overview of the challenge in this area and the directions for the future is presented.

Recent Progress on Two-Dimensional Materials

“…and novel photocatalysts 1092 , have been extensively investigated. Among these state-of-the-art photocatalysts, 2D photocatalytic materials attracted much attention due to their unique 2D confined structure and inherent physicochemical property, especially the shorter path for migration of electron and hole to the surface 329,1075,[1092][1093][1094][1095][1096] . Herein, we divide them into metal-containing 2D photocatalysts (e.g., LDHs 275,1097-1105 , TMDs 1098,[1106][1107][1108][1109] , MXenes-based catalysts 1098,1110,1111 , 2D metal oxides 1098,[1112][1113][1114][1115][1116][1117][1118] , etc.)…”

Ultrathin 2D/2D ZnIn2S4/g‐C3N4 Nanosheet Heterojunction with Atomic‐Level Intimate Interface for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution under Visible Light

“…[22][23][24] Graphite carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is an attractive nonmetallic conjugated polymer semiconductor, which has been extensively applied in photocatalytic water splitting because of its attractive electronic structure, excellent thermal and chemical stability, unique 2D layered structure, suitable band gap, low toxicity, etc. [25][26][27] However, the actual application of the original g-C 3 N 4 still suffers from the limitations of underutilization of visible light, lacking of catalytic active sites, hydrophobic surface, low carrier mobility, and rapid recombination of photoinduced carriers. [28,29] For addressing these challenges, various strategies have been adopted so as to improve the photocatalytic performance of the original g-C 3 N 4 , such as nanostructure design, [30][31][32] doping of metallic and nonmetallic elements, [33][34][35][36] construction of heterojunctions, [37][38][39][40] copolymerization, [41][42][43] defect engineering, and dye sensitization.…”

The Art of Constructing Black Phosphorus Nanosheet Based Heterostructures: From 2D to 3D

“…In a similar photocatalytic charge transfer mechanism to photocatalytic hydrogen production, solar-driven photocatalytic reactions convert solar energy into chemical products, providing a promising approach to addressing the future energy crisis. [81,[176][177][178][179][180] For example, Yu and co-workers prepared a novel semiconductor-metal heterostructure comprising BPNSs and ultrasmall Pt nanoparticles for photocatalytic hydrogenation and oxidation reactions. [81] The BPNS/Pt heterostructure exhibited a broad solar light absorption extending into the infrared region, efficient electron transfer with an ultrafast electron migration time of 0.11 ps, and further accumulation of photogenerated electrons on the ultrasmall Pt nanoparticles.…”