Black parents ask for a second look: Parenting under ‘White’ Child Protection rules in Canada

Adjei, Paul Banahene; Minka, Eric

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.08.030

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…We postulate that this may partially account for the relatively low number of Blacks who have reported hallucinogen use in their lifetime. Additionally, Black families have stricter rules for youth for their protection (Adjei & Minka, 2018;Cucchiara, 2020), typically in order to mitigate this disproportionate criminal justice response. This would also likely explain why Blacks who have used substances in the past year are more likely to be 26-34 years of age, rather than 18-25, as is the general trend among the remainder of ethnoracial groups.…”

Section: Use Of Psychedelics In Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/ethnic differences in prevalence of hallucinogen use by age cohort: Findings from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Jahn

Lopez

Faber

et al. 2021

JPS

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BackgroundFew studies have assessed the epidemiology of hallucinogenic substance use among racial and ethnic groups of varying age cohorts. Use of psychedelic substances may differ among people of color (POC), due to factors such as stigma and discriminatory drug enforcement practices against POC. The lack of inclusion of POC in psychedelic research further underscores the importance of identifying differences in use among racial/ethnic groups and age cohorts.MethodsData from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) was used for this analysis (N = 56,313, unweighted), representative of the non-institutionalized U.S. population. Proportions of lifetime hallucinogen use by race/ethnicity were compared. Proportions of past year rates of use were compared to examine differences by race/ethnicity and age cohort.ResultsApproximately 15.9% of the U.S. population over 12 had used a hallucinogen at some point in their lifetime and 2.0% had used in the past year. Lifetime hallucinogen use was most prevalent among non-Hispanic White and multi-racial individuals, while Black/African Americans reported the lowest rates of use. White and multi-racial groups also reported the highest proportions of past year use among 12–34 year olds, and White individuals reported the highest proportions among 35–49 year olds. Hispanic individuals reported higher proportions of use among the 12–17 cohort, but lower proportions among the 26–49 year old cohorts. Black/African Americans reported the lowest rates of past year use among the 12–25 year old cohorts. 50+ and older cohorts reported the lowest rates of hallucinogen use in the past year.LimitationsData is cross-sectional and self-reported. “Race” is a social construction is subject to change over time, and NSDUH ethnoracial categories are limited. Institutionalized populations are not included in the study.ConclusionsSignificant differences in hallucinogen use among ethnoracial groups by substance and age cohorts were observed. Findings from this work may inform education, interventions, and therapeutic psychedelic research.

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Section: Use Of Psychedelics In Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/ethnic differences in prevalence of hallucinogen use by age cohort: Findings from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Jahn

Lopez

Faber

et al. 2021

JPS

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“…194, 242). Equally, in socially disadvantaged contexts there are still aspirations to "being a good mother" or "effective parenting", even if these do not always coincide with dominant social norms and may thus come into conflict with the youth welfare system (Adjei & Minka, 2018;Narciso et al, 2018). With this in mind, the link to the birth family may promise support in the light of biographical risks such as imminent homelessness, and is also associated with the hope that the relationship with the family could improve (Collins et al, 2008;Wade, 2008).…”

Section: Relationships With the Family Of Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Care Leavers’ Perspectives on the Family in the Transition From Out-of-Home Care to Independent Living

Sting

Groinig

2020

IJCYFS

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Findings from youth research have shown that, due to the development of the transitional phase of “emerging adulthood”, the family has become increasingly significant for young adults as a source of support and as a safety net. In contrast, care leavers are confronted with a relatively abrupt transition to independent living. However, international studies have shown that the family also plays a significant role during the status passage of leaving care — as an arena of concrete social relationships, as a normative model and ideal, as a biographical experience and memory, as a connection to family traditions and practices, and as an important contextual factor for resilience and identity formation. The first section of this paper describes the various links between care leavers and their families based on a literature review. In the second section, the biographical relevance of the family is highlighted based on the example of a qualitative interview study about the educational pathways of 20- to 27-year-old care leavers. The study shows the various influences of family links on the educational careers of young people during and after out-of-home care. From the findings, we derive some consequences for professional work with families in out-of-home care and for professional support and guidance during the status passage of leaving care.

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“…The whiteness lens seeks to flatten attachment to a singular rather than complex, multi-varying series of relationships that differ but are equally valid. 94 Mercer is pointed in stating that attachment research has been based in Western European and North American habits and beliefs, adding to the question of validity when applied to Indigenous peoples and other populations that do not fit the "whiteness" frame. 95 Yet the discussion about the influence of factors such as culture and socioeconomic status is not new; it began in the mid-1990s, if not earlier.…”

Section: The Issue Of Culture and Attachment Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking Racine v Woods from a Decolonizing Perspective: Challenging the Applicability of Attachment Theory to Indigenous Families Involved with Child Protection

Choate¹,

Kohler²,

Cloete³

et al. 2019

Can. j. law soc.

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The 1983 case Racine v Woods is the leading child protection case from the Supreme Court of Canada, distinguishing bonding and/or attachment as a more important determinant of best interest for an Indigenous child than cultural connection. Using this case, courts are upholding the permanent placement of Indigenous children in non-Indigenous homes as opposed to placement within their culture. Racine v Woods reflected knowledge of attachment and family at that time but runs counter to current knowledge. Reconsideration of the factors to decide cross-cultural adoption is needed. The essential point is that attachment assessment draws from a dyadic relational theory and is being applied to communal family systems, such as Indigenous systems. Such a review is consistent with the calls to action of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) as well as its predecessor, the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP), and recent Canadian Human Rights Tribunal (CHRT) decisions.

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Black parents ask for a second look: Parenting under ‘White’ Child Protection rules in Canada

Cited by 42 publications

References 52 publications

Racial/ethnic differences in prevalence of hallucinogen use by age cohort: Findings from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Racial/ethnic differences in prevalence of hallucinogen use by age cohort: Findings from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Care Leavers’ Perspectives on the Family in the Transition From Out-of-Home Care to Independent Living

Rethinking Racine v Woods from a Decolonizing Perspective: Challenging the Applicability of Attachment Theory to Indigenous Families Involved with Child Protection

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