Black mixed-race men’s perceptions and experiences of the police

“You think you’re Black?” Exploring Black mixed-race experiences of Black rejection

“…Mixed-race men and horizontal hostility Horizontal hostility appeared to have more transformative effects on self-perceptions for men in comparison to women. This is likely due to the fact that the men were more likely to both self-identify and be identified by others as Black at points throughout their lives, echoing findings from existing literature (Long and Joseph-Salisbury 2018;Sims and Joseph-Salisbury 2018). It was also clear that they wanted, and expected, their claim to a Black identity to be accepted, especially during their youth.…”

Wrangling with the Black monster: young Black mixed‐race men and masculinities

“…While recognizing the threat posed by the white gaze, as is the case in Fanon’s work (), Yancy’s account shows that knowing the Black monster, even knowing the Black monster intimately, does not mean one must automatically become that Black monster. In white supremacist contexts, to know how one is distorted by the white gaze is of fundamental, perhaps even fatal, importance (Joseph‐Salisbury ; Long and Joseph‐Salisbury ; Yancy ): double consciousness offers the foundations for Black mixed‐race men to actively respond to threats of distortion. Much like the Black men in Claire Alexander’s (: 137) study, the performance of Black mixed‐race men’s masculinities are ‘perhaps best understood as an articulated response to structural inequality, enacting and subverting dominant definitions of power and control, rather than substituting them’ (also see Demetriou ).…”

“…First, the murder showed just how fatal white racist violence could be and, secondly, police failures and the subsequent inquiry highlighted the institutional racism that pervades British policing (Hall et al ; Long , ). This case brought the dangers facing Black men firmly to the consciousness of the epistemic community of Black Britons, including Black mixed‐race men (Long and Joseph‐Salisbury ). More recently, the high‐profile police murder of Mark Duggan in the UK reaffirmed this consciousness and offers a case in point for the erasure of mixedness.…”

“…For white people … you’re all Black’. For the police, Duggan was the Black monster who needed to be controlled (Joseph‐Salisbury ; Long and Joseph‐Salisbury ).…”

‘If Your Hair Is Relaxed, White People Are Relaxed. If Your Hair Is Nappy, They’re Not Happy’: Black Hair as a Site of ‘Post-Racial’ Social Control in English Schools

“…In our contemporary epoch, a burgeoning body of literature recognises how the police, as the primary (formal) agent of social control, engage in the disproportionate controlling of Black bodies. Scholars have drawn attention to the enactment of institutional racism through Stop and Search laws (Long and Joseph-Salisbury 2018;Long 2018), through electronic tagging (Cassidy et al 2005), and through the disproportionately high incarceration 1 In relation to employment discrimination, Anna Birtwistle, a partner in a specialist employment and partnership law firm, suggests that cases are more often brought on the grounds of religion and gender than on the grounds of race (Sini 2016). rates of Black people (Davis 2013). Attention has also been given to the over-policing of predominantly Black areas, the ubiquitous threat of police brutality, and the disproportionate rates of Black deaths in custody (Bowling et al 2003).…”