Black into White: Race and Nationality in Brazilian Thought

Spitzer, Leo; Skidmore, Thomas E.

doi:10.2307/1852256

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…As such, classifying individuals and communities by ''race'' has been challenging in Brazil. Whereas censuses in the previous century had produced an intricate racial classification system, the most recent census in 2010 only included five ethnic categories: preta (black), parda (brown, or mixed), indı ´gena (indigenous), amarela (of East Asian descent), and branca (white) (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografı ´a e Estatı ´stica 2010 ;Sansone 2002;Skidmore 1974;Telles 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Medicinal Plants In Rio De Janeiro's Urban Periphery: An Analysis of Communities' Engagements With Policies

Brown¹

2016

Journal of Ethnobiology

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In 2009, Brazil launched its National Program of Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics, influenced by several international policies and agreements implemented in preceding decades. The program has sought to integrate the population's use of medicinal plants into the country's national healthcare system (O Sistema Único de Saúde, or SUS), preserve traditional populations' knowledge of medicinal plants, promote environmental conservation, and strengthen the country's pharmaceutical research sector. This program, along with other policies and federal initiatives regarding medicinal plants and traditional medicine, has affected populations within Brazil in varying ways, depending on geography, ethnicity, and other factors. The current study combines policy analysis and a total of nine months of ethnography to explore how Baixada Fluminense, a peri-urban region in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, acts as a space that presents complexities in how medicinal plant use is approached in policies. Case studies of a phytotherapeutic pharmacy and Afro-Brazilian religious groups examine how communities in the region interpret and operationalize policies about medicinal plants and traditional medicine. Research contributes to current discussions focused on defining and describing peri-urban areas in relation to ethnobiology, as well as discussions around the limits of national and international policies pertaining to medicinal plants and traditional medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Medicinal Plants In Rio De Janeiro's Urban Periphery: An Analysis of Communities' Engagements With Policies

Brown¹

2016

Journal of Ethnobiology

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“…Colorblind Nationalism, I argue, is not a frame of colorblindness, but an evolution in the production and processes of colorblindness. An evolution of the discourse that is linked to the ubiquitous use of social media and the changing racial demographics of the U.S. (Nakamura, 2002;Phillips, 2018;Sundstrom, 2008). The Southern Strategy and the deployment of dog whistles solidified the white vote and ensured several decades of conservative fiscal and social policies and cultural hegemony (López, 2013;Omi & Winant, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online discourse in the post‐ “new racism” era?: Toward a theory of colorblind nationalism

Brooks

2024

Sociology Compass

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The literature on styles of racetalk, the way we talk about race in racist social structures, suggests that racial discourse is either covertly or overtly racist, with covert racism being dominant in the offline world and overt racism remaining dominant online. In this study I ask: is there a style of racetalk found in online discourse that does not fit within the covert/overt binary of racetalk that is present in the current literature. To address this research question, I draw on data from three social media platforms, TikTok, YouTube, and Twitter, and examine two racialized popular discourses, the cancellation of Aunt Jemima and the debates over Critical Race Theory. I find that among conservative social media users, but not liberals, neither overt nor covert styles of racetalk, describe the character of the racial discourse in my data. Instead, I find a distinct style of racetalk with three characteristics: (1) Conservative social media users draw politicized boundaries which frame Black people as part of their ingroup and leftists as an outgroup, (2) The members of the political ingroup, white conservatives and Black people, share a common threat from the political outgroup, and (3) The political ingroup should represent a multiracial political coalition who supports conservative politicians and causes. I introduce Colorblind Nationalism as a theory of politicized racetalk which situates these findings within our current socio‐political context and creates avenues for future research.

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“…While the reason for this concern is never explained, the broader debate took place in the context of racial anxieties. Historically, other immigrant diasporas were accepted and even celebrated (Weinstein 2015), reflecting racially selective policies that sought to “whiten” the population (Skidmore 1993). Meanwhile, Jensen (2023) has documented ongoing racism in Brazilian asylum institutions.…”

Section: Brazil: Transnational Reverberations Of the Urban Frontiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Frontiers: Hemispheric Logics of Haitians’ Displacement and Asylum in the Americas

Balaguera,

Schwartzman,

van Isschot

2023

Antipode

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While international asylum law includes race as the first protected category—followed by religion, nationality, particular group membership, and political opinion—Haitians’ ongoing racialised persecution and denial of refuge across the Americas reveals the failures of this framework. Drawing on academic literature, documentary evidence, and primary sources, we analyse the racial and neocolonial logics constituting Haitians’ experiences at home and as migrants through the Americas. Focusing on Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico as nodes of migration trajectories, we argue that Haitians confront a “hemispheric frontier regime”. Unlike a single border that impedes passage, this multilayered frontier regime constantly uproots Haitians, even while states evade their responsibilities vis‐à‐vis asylum seekers. Over time, mutually reinforcing frontier logics of policing, dispossession, extraction, and empire at various scales—urban, domestic, transnational—structure Haitians’ and other migrants’ racialised exclusion from rights regimes across geographies from Haiti to South, Central, and North America.

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Black into White: Race and Nationality in Brazilian Thought

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

The Use of Medicinal Plants In Rio De Janeiro's Urban Periphery: An Analysis of Communities' Engagements With Policies

The Use of Medicinal Plants In Rio De Janeiro's Urban Periphery: An Analysis of Communities' Engagements With Policies

Online discourse in the post‐ “new racism” era?: Toward a theory of colorblind nationalism

Racial Frontiers: Hemispheric Logics of Haitians’ Displacement and Asylum in the Americas

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