Black holes as “time capsules”: A cosmological graviton background and the Hubble tension

Abstract

Minuscule primordial black holes (BHs) before the end and after inflation can serve as "time capsules" bringing back energy from the past to a later epoch when they evaporate. As these BHs behave like matter, while the rest of the universe's content behaves like radiation, the mass fraction of these BHs, which is tiny at formation, becomes significant later. If sufficiently small, these BHs will evaporate while the Universe is still radiation dominated. We revisit this process and point out that gravitons produced during evaporation behave as "dark radiation." If the initial BHs are uniformly distributed so will the gravitons and in this case, they will be free of Silk damping and avoid current limits on "dark radiation" scenarios. Seeds for such BHs can arise during the last phases of inflation.We show here that with suitable parameters, this background graviton field can resolve the Hubble tension. We present current observational constraints on this scenario and suggest upcoming observational tests to prove or refute it. Finally, we also elaborate on the graviton background produced by particle annihilation during the Planck era or shortly after inflation.

Unleashing the Power of Information Theory: Enhancing Accuracy in Modeling Physical Phenomena

“…At a deeper level, the question of uncertainty in quantum mechanics, whether reality is defined and concrete, remains open, since we also use models containing a finite, limited amount of information to describe phenomena in the microworld. Such an approach could have intriguing implications for the ability of scientists to push the limits of existing theories and laws, formulate new concepts, and possibly radically redefine Einstein's general theory of relativity and quantum physics [49]. Realizing that such a statement is highly controversial, one can hope that it is the theory of information and its mathematical apparatus that will serve as a bridge connecting these two pillars of physics.…”