Black Hole Clustering: Gravity-Based Approach with No Predetermined Parameters

Abstract

Clustering is a fundamental technique in data mining and machine learning, aiming to group data elements into related clusters. However, traditional clustering algorithms, such as K-means, suffer from limitations such as the need for user-defined parameters and sensitivity to initial conditions. This paper introduces a novel clustering algorithm called Black Hole Clustering (BHC), which leverages the concept of gravity to identify clusters. Inspired by the behavior of masses in the physical world, gravity-based clustering treats data points as mass points that attract each other based on distance. This approach enables the detection of high-density clusters of arbitrary shapes and sizes without the need for predefined parameters. We extensively evaluate BHC on synthetic and real-world datasets, demonstrating its effectiveness in handling complex data structures and varying point densities. Notably, BHC excels in accurate prediction of the number of clusters and achieves competitive clustering accuracy rates. Moreover, its parameter-free nature enhances clustering accuracy, robustness, and scalability. These findings represent a significant contribution to advanced clustering techniques and pave the way for further research and application of gravity-based clustering in diverse fields. BHC offers a promising approach to addressing clustering challenges in complex datasets, opening up new possibilities for improved data analysis and pattern discovery.