Black hole and cosmos with multiple horizons and multiple singularities in vector-tensor theories

Abstract

A stationary and spherically symmetric black hole (e.g., Reissner-Nordström black hole or Kerr-Newman black hole) has at most one singularity and two horizons. One horizon is the outer event horizon and the other is the inner Cauchy horizon. Can we construct static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions with N horizons and M singularities? De Sitter cosmos has only one apparent horizon. Can we construct cosmos solutions with N horizons? In this article, we present the static and spherically symmetric black hole and cosmos solutions with N horizons and M singularities in the vector-tensor theories. Following these motivations, we also construct the black hole solutions with a firewall. The deviation of these black hole solutions from the usual ones can be potentially tested by future measurements of gravitational waves or black hole continuum spectrum.

Quasi-topological electromagnetism: Dark energy, dyonic black holes, stable photon spheres and hidden electromagnetic duality

“…We find that for suitable parameters, there can be four horizons. Note that multi-horizon solutions were also constructed in [9] in the reverse-engineered f (F 2 ) theories. These theories typically violate the null-energy condition and furthermore the locations of the horizons are the parameters of the theory rather than the integration constants of the solutions.…”

Complexity growth and shock wave geometry in AdS-Maxwell-power-Yang–Mills theory

“…Penrose diagram for a black hole solution depends on the number of horizons as it is shown for a black hole with multiple horizons in ref. [25]. In our case for any values of γ we can have different real roots obtained from f (r) = 0, but in a general form the Penrose diagram looks like figure 2 in which r 1 is the most internal horizon and so 0 < r − ≡ r 1 < r 2 < r 3 < ... < r + , also r ∞ stands for r = −∞ and r 0 indicates spatial null infinity.…”

Effects of Quintessence Dark Energy on the Action Growth and Butterfly Velocity

“…As the black hole solution (2.5) has multiple horizons so we must consider its behavior between the lowest and the highest energy which happens at r − and r + , respectively. We depicted the evolution of WDW patch for this multiple horizons case at late time approximation [37] in figure 1. By increasing the time on the boundary the patch terminates at r = r meet (t L , t R ) for all charged black holes.…”