Black Hills Forestry: A History

Freeman, John F.

doi:10.5876/9781607322993

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Indirect control of bark beetles in the Black Hills was always considered a control tactic, but as in the rest of the Western United States, the emphasis tended to be on direct control of MPBs (Blackman 1931;Freeman 2015;Hopkins 1902;Thompson 1975). The burning, spraying, cutting, and harvesting of individual trees continued until the early 1970s…”

Section: Indirect Methods Of Controlling Bark Beetles In the Black Hillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mountain pine beetles: A century of knowledge, control attempts, and impacts central to the Black Hills

Graham¹,

Asherin²,

Battaglia³

et al. 2016

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Section: Indirect Methods Of Controlling Bark Beetles In the Black Hillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7). In response to natural disturbances and because of the ease of regeneration that occurs in the Black Hills, the area has had one of the most consistent commercial timber harvest programs in the United States since Case One was sold to the Homestake Mining Company in 1898 (Clow 1998;Freeman 2015).…”

Section: Prefacementioning

confidence: 99%

Mountain pine beetles: A century of knowledge, control attempts, and impacts central to the Black Hills

Graham¹,

Asherin²,

Battaglia³

et al. 2016

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“…The ponderosa pine forests of the Black Hills have low productivity (40 to 70 site indexes) but have supported a thriving lumber industry for over 100 years (Boldt and Van Deusen 1974;Clow 1998;Freeman 2015;Myers and Van Deusen 1960). Because of good cone crops and spring and summer rains, the scopulorum variety of ponderosa pine readily regenerates and populates the forest floor in response to openings created in the forest canopy ( fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later that year the General Land Office received an application from T. J. Grier, Superintendent of the Homestake Mining company of Lead, South Dakota, to harvest all Norway pine (ponderosa pine) trees 8 inches and larger in diameter (d.b.h.) on approximately 5,120 acres near Nemo, South Dakota (Clow 1998;Freeman 2015). This Case One of commercial harvest in the Black Hills provided the impetus for studying tree thinning beginning in 1906 near where the harvest was occurring (figs.…”

Section: Black Hillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, during the worldwide industrial revolution, wood was the major building material and railroads consumed large amounts of wood for ties and fuel (Egan 2009). Although wood was plentiful during these times, some individuals became aware that wood supplies were limited and there was a need to plan and predict the quantities of wood needed and available in the future (Freeman 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differing ponderosa pine forest structures, their growth and yield, and mountain pine beetle impacts: Growing stock levels in the Black Hills

Graham¹,

Asherin²,

Jain³

et al. 2019

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Historical forests of the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA, determined using General Land Office surveys

Tatina¹,

Hanberry²

2022

Silva Fenn

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Forests in the western United States generally have increased in tree density since Euro-American settlement, particularly through increases in fire-sensitive species, such as spruces, firs, and junipers. Like most areas, the Black Hills region in western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming was logged for forest products and underwent agricultural conversion before historical forests were documented. To supplement historical reconstructions and accounts, we compared tree composition and densities (diameters ≥12.7 cm at 1.37 m above ground height) from historical General Land Office (GLO) records (years 1878 to 1915) and current Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) tree surveys (years 2011 to 2016) in the Black Hills Highlands of South Dakota. For composition, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. Lawson & C. Lawson) decreased from 95% to 86% of all trees, with a consequent increase specifically of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) from 1.5% to 6.7% of all trees. Ponderosa pine currently is smaller in mean diameter by 7.4 cm, while white spruce is larger in mean diameter by 2.4 cm than historically. When the 35% of historical survey points without recorded trees were excluded, historical tree densities indicated an overall forested structure of savannas and open woodlands with tree densities ranging from 66 trees ha–1 to 162 trees ha–1. However, historical forests of the Black Hills incorporated dense stands. Tree densities have increased two- to more than four-fold, to 311 trees ha–1 currently. These comparisons provide another source of information, paralleling changes documented in surface fire-dependent pine and oak forests throughout the United States, of transitions in forest composition and structure since Euro-American settlement.

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Black Hills Forestry: A History

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Mountain pine beetles: A century of knowledge, control attempts, and impacts central to the Black Hills

Mountain pine beetles: A century of knowledge, control attempts, and impacts central to the Black Hills

Differing ponderosa pine forest structures, their growth and yield, and mountain pine beetle impacts: Growing stock levels in the Black Hills

Historical forests of the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA, determined using General Land Office surveys

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