Black-Currant Protection Against Oxidative Stress Formation

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of black-currant juice on chronic ethanol-induced oxidative stress and its consequences in liver, brain, and serum of rats. Data demonstrated that administration of black-currant juice to rats improved antioxidant abilities in the examined tissues as evidenced by measurement of activities of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), as well as levels of glutathione (GSH) and vitamins C, E, and A. Ethanol intoxication produced a decrease in the activities and levels of the antioxidants just listed, and the decrease was accompanied by a reduction in levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Further results showed enhanced lipid peroxidation as determined by malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and neuroprostanes and elevated protein levels such as carbonyl groups and dityrosine. Ethanol intoxication altered liver metabolism as evidenced by a decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor (PPARα), AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), and nuclear factor kappa B cells (NFκB) and by an increase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) expression. Administration of black-currant juice to ethanol-intoxicated rats exerted an antioxidant response by restoring to normal quantities the antioxidant levels and enzyme activities and prevented lipid and protein oxidative effects. The activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, biomarkers of liver damage, returned to normal after black-currant treatment of ethanol-administered animals. In addition, the expression of PPARα, AMPK, TNF-α, and NFκB confirmed the protective effect of the juice. Data thus indicate the extensive antioxidant metabolic effects of black-currant juice that may be beneficial for humans.

Astaxanthin Attenuates Environmental Tobacco Smoke-Induced Cognitive Deficits: A Critical Role of p38 MAPK

“…Tobacco smoke contains a large number of ROS which can permeate the blood brain barrier and mobilize the antioxidant defenses [29]. In the current research, we found an elevation of MDA, and a reduction of GSH, SOD, and CAT activities in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of ETS mice, which is consistent with published results [30]. It has been proved that several flavonoids have strong antioxidant properties and improve memory and learning [31].…”

Blackcurrant Suppresses Metabolic Syndrome Induced by High-Fructose Diet in Rats

“…Anthocyanins from BC abrogate oxidative stress through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant mechanisms [ 12 ]. In addition, BC extract has cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties [ 13 ]. Moreover, BC protects against kidney stones [ 14 ].…”

Bioeffects of Prunus spinosa L. fruit ethanol extract on reproduction and phenotypic plasticity of Trichoplax adhaerens Schulze, 1883 (Placozoa)

“…The alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase values, biomarkers of liver damage, come back to normal after administration of black-currant juice to EtOH-stressed animals. In addition, the expression of PPARα, AMPK, TNF-α, and NFκB confirmed the protective effect of the juice rich in anthocyanins (Ambrozewicz et al, 2013). Lucero Lopez et al (2011) have evaluated the effect of a diet based on Amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in the liver of rats sub-chronically exposed to ethanol concluding that A. hypochondriacus is a good source of total phenols such as anthocyanins and exerts a protective effect in serum and in liver of rats intoxicated with ethanol.…”

“…As already reported in available literature, the major phytochemicals found in P. spinosa are anthocyanins, common plant pigments able to control different enzymatic activities, to influence several biological mechanisms and modify gene expressions through nuclear receptors (for details see Deineka, Deineka & Sirotin, 2005; Liu et al, 2017; Ya et al, 2018). In particular, it is widely known that anthocyanins protect against damage caused by ethanol: the administration of Ribes nigrum (black-currant) juice is able to protect the liver, the brain and the serum of the rats from EtOH induced oxidative stress (Ambrozewicz et al, 2013). The four main pigments, i.e., delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside contribute up to 97% of the total anthocyanin in black currants.…”