Black Cohosh (<i>Cimicifuga racemosa</i>L.) Protects against Menadione-Induced DNA Damage through Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species:  Bioassay-Directed Isolation and Characterization of Active Principles

Burdette, Joanna E.; Chen, Shao-Nong; Lu, Zhi Zhen; Xu, Haiyan; White, Bethany E. Perez; Fabricant, Daniel S.; Liu, Jianghua; Fong, Harry H. S.; Farnsworth, Norman R.; Constantinou, Andreas I.; Breemen, Richard B. van; Pezzuto, John M.; Bolton, Judy L.

doi:10.1021/jf020725h

Cited by 86 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Black cohosh has been inferred to be antiestrogenic by studies that show a lack of estrogen-induced proliferation of breast cancer cells, 14,15,[23][24][25] showed no competitive binding to ERs nor regulation of estrogeninducible genes, 7 and protected against cellular DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species by acting as an antioxidant. 26 These data are consistent with the hypothesis that black cohosh may be associated with protection from breast cancer risk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A retrospective case–control study of the use of hormone‐related supplements and association with breast cancer

Rebbeck

Troxel

Norman

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Hormone-related supplements (HRS), many of which contain phytoestrogens, are widely used to manage menopausal symptoms, yet their relationship with breast cancer risk has generally not been evaluated. We evaluated whether use of HRS was associated with breast cancer risk, using a population-based case-control study in 3 counties of the Philadelphia metropolitan area consisting of 949 breast cancer cases and 1,524 controls. Use of HRS varied significantly by race, with African American women being more likely than European American women to use any herbal preparation (19.2% vs. 14.7%, p 5 0.003) as well as specific preparations including black cohosh (5.4% vs. 2.0%, p 5 0.003), ginseng (12.5% vs. 7.9%, p < 0.001) and red clover (4.7% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.001). Use of black cohosh had a significant breast cancer protective effect (adjusted odds ratio 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22-0.70). This association was similar among women who reported use of either black cohosh or Remifemin (an herbal preparation derived from black cohosh; adjusted odds ratio 0.47, 95% CI: 0.27-0.82). The literature reports that black cohosh may be effective in treating menopausal symptoms, and has antiestrogenic, antiproliferative and antioxidant properties. Additional confirmatory studies are required to determine whether black cohosh could be used to prevent breast cancer. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: breast cancer; prevention; complementary alternative medicine Hormone-related supplements (HRS) are widely used by women for the management of menopausal symptoms. While the specific contents of these preparations are unregulated by the Federal government, they generally contain phytoestrogens and other compounds that are thought to mimic the effect of endogenous estrogens. Commonly used preparations include herbal extracts of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), dong quai (Angelica sinensis), ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), red clover (Trifolium pretense) and yam (Discorea alata). Also available are preparations labeled as Biestrogen (Biest), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), daidzein, Estrovin, genistein, Isoflavone, Promensil, Rejuvex, Remifemin, soy medications, steroid creams and Triestrogen. Many of these preparations contain a variety of herb-derived compounds, including those listed earlier. However, due to lack of standardization and government oversight, the concentrations and composition of these compounds varies widely.It has been suggested that women who have diets rich in phytoestrogens, including women from Asian countries, may be at decreased breast cancer risk.1,2 However, epidemiological evidence that phytoestrogen consumption is associated with modified cancer risk is largely limited to food intake, and has not revealed associations of specific compounds with breast cancer risk or protection. 2,3The mechanism of this putative breast cancer protective effect also remains unclear. It has been proposed that the relatively weaker estrogenic effect of phytoestrogens may compete with that of estradiol and have antiproliferative properties that ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A retrospective case–control study of the use of hormone‐related supplements and association with breast cancer

Rebbeck

Troxel

Norman

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Others have found this herb to contain very potent antioxidant compounds, six of which reduced menadione-induced DNA damage in cultured breast cells. 21 The main antioxidant compounds found in that study were methyl caffeate, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid. The extraction yield from this root is also high (167 mg/g after a two-solvent extraction 21 and 267 mg/g in the present study), which obviously contributes significantly to results presented in relation to a given amount of starting material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Antioxidant Capacity of 55 Medicinal Herbs Traditionally Used to Treat The Urinary System: A Comparison Using A Sequential Three-Solvent Extraction Process

Wojcikowski

Stevenson

Leach

et al. 2007

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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“…Of course, that some compounds of CAE, e.g. caffeic acid, ferulic acids posses a free radical scavenging effect 34,35) which could explain our WST-1 results by CAE. In comparison, CV stain which is based on the cell number, was less sensitive than the WST-1 assay which measures the dehydrogenase activity of viable cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Evaluation of Cell Death Caused by Triterpene Glycosides and Phenolic Substances from Cimicifuga racemosa Extract in Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Hostanska

Nisslein

Freudenstein

et al. 2004

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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We previously reported that the antiproliferative effect of an isopropanolic-aqueous extract of black cohosh (iCR) on MCF-7 estrogen-responsive breast cancer cell line was due to the induction of apoptosis. Here we address the question to what extent apoptosis induction can be ascribed to one of the two major fractions of iCR, the triterpene glycosides (TTG) or the cinnamic acid esters (CAE). Furthermore, as black cohosh is routinely administered orally, we studied whether its pharmacological effects would withstand simulated liver metabolism. The antiproliferative activity of TTG and CAE as well as of rat liver microsomal S9 fraction-pretreated iCR on MCF-7 cells were investigated by WST-1 assay. The features of cell death induced were tested for apoptosis by flow cytometry (light scatter characteristics, Annexin V binding). Irrespective of S9-pretreatment, 72 h iCR treatment induced a dose-dependent down regulation of cell proliferation with the same IC 50 of 55.3 m mg/ml dry residue which corresponds to 19.3 m mg/ml TTG and 2.7 m mg/ml CAE. The degree of apoptotic MCF-7 cells was also comparable. Both, isolated TTG and CAE fractions inhibited cell growth, the IC 50 being 59.3 m mg/ml and 26.1 m mg/ml, respectively. Interestingly, whereas IC 50 and apoptosis induction correspond well for the whole extract, TTG and CAE fractions induced apoptosis at concentrations (25 and 5 m mg/ml) well below those required for significant growth inhibition. Observation of this study firstly showed that the cell death induced by iCR withstood a metabolic activation system. In addition, TTG and CAE compounds significantly contributed to its apoptotic effect, CAE being the more potent inhibitor of proliferation and apoptosis inducer.

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Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosaL.) Protects against Menadione-Induced DNA Damage through Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species: Bioassay-Directed Isolation and Characterization of Active Principles

Cited by 86 publications

References 39 publications

A retrospective case–control study of the use of hormone‐related supplements and association with breast cancer

A retrospective case–control study of the use of hormone‐related supplements and association with breast cancer

Antioxidant Capacity of 55 Medicinal Herbs Traditionally Used to Treat The Urinary System: A Comparison Using A Sequential Three-Solvent Extraction Process

Evaluation of Cell Death Caused by Triterpene Glycosides and Phenolic Substances from Cimicifuga racemosa Extract in Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

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