Black Carbon Sources Constrained by Observations in the Russian High Arctic

Popovicheva, Olga; Evangeliou, Nikolaos; Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos; Kalogridis, Cerise; Sitnikov, N.; Eckhardt, Sabine; Stohl, Andreas

doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b05832

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…According to a related study by Huang and Fu (2016), Russia contributes 57 % to the global BC emissions from gas flaring. Underestimation of modelled atmospheric concentrations compared to observations from the Barents and Kara seas was recently also reported by Popovicheva et al (2017), although the underestimation was relatively small.…”

Section: Model Deviation From Snow Ec Measurements and Region-specifisupporting

confidence: 61%

“…However, in the most recent assessments of BC of the higher Arctic (Popovicheva et al, 2017;Winiger et al, 2017), it was shown that ECLIPSE captures levels of BC quite well, whereas FLR emissions might have a smaller impact in the central Siberian Arctic (Tiksi) than previously estimated. Surprisingly, the average contribution from BB in lower latitudes was extremely low in all western Siberia (Figs.…”

Section: Model Deviation From Snow Ec Measurements and Region-specifimentioning

confidence: 87%

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Origin of elemental carbon in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during winter–spring 2014, 2015 and 2016

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Short-lived climate forcers have been proven important both for the climate and human health. In particular, black carbon (BC) is an important climate forcer both as an aerosol and when deposited on snow and ice surface because of its strong light absorption. This paper presents measurements of elemental carbon (EC; a measurement-based definition of BC) in snow collected from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during 2014, 2015 and 2016. The Russian Arctic is of great interest to the scientific community due to the large uncertainty of emission sources there. We have determined the major contributing sources of BC in snow in western Siberia and northwestern European Russia using a Lagrangian atmospheric transport model. For the first time, we use a recently developed feature that calculates deposition in backward (so-called retroplume) simulations allowing estimation of the specific locations of sources that contribute to the deposited mass. EC concentrations in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia were highly variable depending on the sampling location. Modelled BC and measured EC were moderately correlated (R=0.53–0.83) and a systematic region-specific model underestimation was found. The model underestimated observations by 42 % (RMSE = 49 ng g−1) in 2014, 48 % (RMSE = 37 ng g−1) in 2015 and 27 % (RMSE = 43 ng g−1) in 2016. For EC sampled in northwestern European Russia the underestimation by the model was smaller (fractional bias, FB > −100 %). In this region, the major sources were transportation activities and domestic combustion in Finland. When sampling shifted to western Siberia, the model underestimation was more significant (FB < −100 %). There, the sources included emissions from gas flaring as a major contributor to snow BC. The accuracy of the model calculations was also evaluated using two independent datasets of BC measurements in snow covering the entire Arctic. The model underestimated BC concentrations in snow especially for samples collected in springtime.

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Section: Model Deviation From Snow Ec Measurements and Region-specifisupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Model Deviation From Snow Ec Measurements and Region-specifimentioning

confidence: 87%

Origin of elemental carbon in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during winter–spring 2014, 2015 and 2016

et al. 2018

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“…Only small contributions come from other sources (gas flaring, power plants, and open fires). Measurements and model‐based source apportionment of BC in the Kara Strait pointed toward the importance of gas flaring emissions from the Yamal‐Khanty‐Mansiys and Nenets‐Komi regions (Popovicheva et al, ). In the White Sea, biomass burning from the midlatitudes, surface transportation, and residential and commercial combustion in Central and Eastern Europe are important sources of BC (Popovicheva et al, ).…”

Section: Local Arctic Air Pollutant Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements and model-based source apportionment of BC in the Kara Strait pointed toward the importance of gas flaring emissions from the Yamal-Khanty-Mansiys and Nenets-Komi regions (Popovicheva et al, 2017). In the White Sea, biomass burning from the midlatitudes, surface transportation, and residential and commercial combustion in Central and Eastern Europe are important sources of BC (Popovicheva et al, 2017). Evans et al (2015) focused on BC emissions from diesel sources on the Kola Peninsula with special emphasis on Murmansk, the largest city north of 60°N.…”

Section: 1029/2018ef000952mentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem

et al. 2018

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Air pollution in the Arctic caused by local emission sources is a challenge that is important but often overlooked. Local Arctic air pollution can be severe and significantly exceed air quality standards, impairing public health and affecting ecosystems. Specifically in the wintertime, pollution can accumulate under inversion layers. However, neither the contributing emission sources are well identified and quantified nor the relevant atmospheric mechanisms forming pollution are well understood. In the summer, boreal forest fires cause high levels of atmospheric pollution. Despite the often high exposure to air pollution, there are neither specific epidemiological nor toxicological health impact studies in the Arctic. Hence, effects on the local population are difficult to estimate at present. Socioeconomic development of the Arctic is already occurring and expected to be significant in the future. Arctic destination shipping is likely to increase with the development of natural resource extraction, and tourism might expand. Such development will not only lead to growth in the population living in the Arctic but will likely increase emission types and magnitudes. Present‐day inventories show a large spread in the amount and location of emissions representing a significant source of uncertainty in model predictions that often deviate significantly from observations. This is a challenge for modeling studies that aim to assess the impacts of within Arctic air pollution. Prognoses for the future are hence even more difficult, given the additional uncertainty of estimating emissions based on future Arctic economic development scenarios.

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“…Intercalibration with the AE33 aethalometer (Magee Scientific) was performed at the GAW station of N.S.C.R. Demokritos (Athens), simultaneously with long-term measurements of ambient aerosols, as described elsewhere (Popovicheva et al, 2017). The level of uncertainty (1-sigma) of EBC measurements is 30 ng m -3 for 6-minute integrated sampling.…”

Section: Instrumentation and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Pollutants during Agricultural Biomass Burning: A Case Study in Ba Vi Region in Hanoi, Vietnam

Popovicheva

Shonija

Persiantseva

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Impact of traditional biomass burning activities on regional air quality is a major environmental concern. Measurement campaigns were performed during post-harvesting activities in the Ba Vi region in Hanoi in May-June of 2015 and 2016. To quantify the source for regional haze the sampling of rice straw burning emissions was performed on fields. Carbonaceous (OC, EC, BrC) fractions, heavy metals, organic and ionic composition, and microstructure were characterized. A set of functionalities (hydroxyl, aliphatic, carbonyl, carboxylate, and nitro groups) revealed a functional marker of pile combustion. Optical, microstructural, and chemical analyses of environmentally-dangerous pollutants from traffic and cooking sources provided characteristics and functional markers of different pollution sources. Chemical features of rice straw burning were identified on the Ba Vi site during the haze episode of 2015, when PM 10 mass approached the high smoke intensity, up to 167 µg m -3 . Small-scale meteorology affected PM 10 , OC and EC, and ion mass in days of highest relative humidity and fogs. In days of highest smoke OC dominated PM 10 mass by up to 42%, the OC/EC ratio approached 20, in line with observations of mainly smoldering emissions across the fields. Spectral features of regional haze smoke demonstrated the absorption of rice straw burning whereas the impact of biogenic, traffic, and cooking sources were significantly lower. Individual particle analyses showed carbonaceous particles internally/externally mixed with inorganic fly ash and dust. Smoke micromarkers revealed the microstructure of regional aerosols representative for Southeast Asia in BB periods. Significantly lower PM 10 mass concentrations and strong difference in aerosol composition before post-harvesting activities suggested that agricultural burning represents a large contribution to air quality degradation in the rural area of Vietnam.

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Black Carbon Sources Constrained by Observations in the Russian High Arctic

Cited by 51 publications

References 40 publications

Origin of elemental carbon in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during winter–spring 2014, 2015 and 2016

Origin of elemental carbon in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during winter–spring 2014, 2015 and 2016

Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem

Aerosol Pollutants during Agricultural Biomass Burning: A Case Study in Ba Vi Region in Hanoi, Vietnam

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