Black carbon and organic carbon emissions from wildfires in Mexico

Cruz-Núñez, Xóchitl; Ruiz, Lourdes Villers

doi:10.1016/s0187-6236(14)71107-5

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Vegetation fires contribute a large source of trace gases and aerosols into the Earth's atmosphere (Lobert and Warnatz 1993, Helas and Pienaar 1996, Cheng et al 1998, Reddington et al 2014, Peterson et al 2018, Wooster et al 2018, which have substantial implications for climate (Liu et al 2014, Núñez et al 2014, Sommers et al 2014, Hamilton et al 2018, Rowlinson et al 2019 and air quality (AQ) (Konovalov et al 2011, Reddington et al 2015, Moore (2019, Bravo et al 2002, Phuleria et al 2005. Unlike many fire-prone regions, vegetation fires in the United Kingdom (UK) are relatively small and rare (Van Der Werf et al 2017, Davies et al 2016, Yallop et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the June 2018 Saddleworth Moor wildfires on air quality in northern England

Graham

Pope

McQuaid

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Commun.

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The June 2018 Saddleworth Moor fires were some of the largest UK wildfires on record and lasted for approximately three weeks. They emitted large quantities of smoke, trace gases and aerosols which were transported downwind over the highly populated regions of Manchester and Liverpool. Surface observations of PM 2.5 indicate that concentrations were 4-5.5 times higher than the recent seasonal average. State-of-the-art satellite measurements of total column carbon monoxide (TCCO) from the TROPOMI instrument on the Sentinel 5-Precursor (S5P) platform, coupled with measurements from a flight of the UK BAe-146-301 research aircraft, are used to quantify the substantial enhancement in emitted trace gases. The aircraft measured plume enhancements with near-fire CO and PM 2.5 concentrations >1500 ppbv and >125 μg m −3 (compared to ∼100 ppbv and ∼5 μg m −3 background concentrations). Downwind fire-plume ozone (O 3 ) values were larger than the near-fire location, indicating O 3 production with distance from source. The near-fire O 3 :CO ratio was (ΔO 3 /ΔCO) 0.001 ppbv/ppbv, increasing downwind to 0.060-0.105 ppbv/ppbv, suggestive of O 3 production enhancement downwind of the fires. Emission rates of CO and CO 2 ranged between 1.07 (0.07-4.69) kg s −1 and 13.7 (1.73-50.1) kg s −1 , respectively, similar to values expected from a medium sized power station.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the June 2018 Saddleworth Moor wildfires on air quality in northern England

Graham

Pope

McQuaid

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Commun.

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“…Hurricanes are an important part of the natural disturbance regime of the Yucatan Peninsula (Boose et al, 2003;Mascorro et al, 2016), and they often cause extensive disturbance to forests (Vandecar et al, 2011;McGroddy et al, 2013), creating large accumulations of litter and woody debris masses on the forest floor (Whigham et al, 1991;Harmon et al, 1995). These fuels deposited by great hurricanes increase fire frequency in the region (Cruz-N uñez et al, 2014). The subsequent firesa phenomenon that may be especially important in these SDTFscause forest degradation with very strong effects on ecosystem C storage and fluxes (Whigham et al, 2003;Vargas et al, 2008), due to the high flammability of forest fuels in the region's ecosystems (Neri-P erez et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SDTFs produce large quantities of fine, aerated material that accumulates on the forest floor during the dry season (Campo & Vázquez‐Yanes, ), and this litter becomes potentially flammable at the end of the rainless period (Neri‐Pérez et al ., ). Thus, different precipitation regimes can lead to a different impact of fires on soil properties due to higher soil burn severities in the driest climate of the peninsula (Cruz‐Núñez et al ., ) , as a consequence of lower soil humidity. This variability could lead to changes in SOM turnover and stabilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in soil carbon sequestration and their determinants along a precipitation gradient in seasonally dry tropical forest ecosystems

Campo

Merino

2016

Global Change Biology

107

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The effect of precipitation regime on the C cycle of tropical forests is poorly understood, despite the existence of models that suggest a drier climate may substantially alter the source-sink function of these ecosystems. Along a precipitation regime gradient containing 12 mature seasonally dry tropical forests growing under otherwise similar conditions (similar annual temperature, rainfall seasonality, and geological substrate), we analyzed the influence of variation in annual precipitation (1240 to 642 mm) and duration of seasonal drought on soil C. We investigated litterfall, decomposition in the forest floor, and C storage in the mineral soil, and analyzed the dependence of these processes and pools on precipitation. Litterfall decreased slightly - about 10% - from stands with 1240 mm yr(-1) to those with 642 mm yr(-1), while the decomposition decreased by 56%. Reduced precipitation strongly affected C storage and basal respiration in the mineral soil. Higher soil C storage at the drier sites was also related to the higher chemical recalcitrance of litter (fine roots and forest floor) and the presence of charcoal across sites, suggesting an important indirect influence of climate on C sequestration. Basal respiration was controlled by the amount of recalcitrant organic matter in the mineral soil. We conclude that in these forest ecosystems, the long-term consequences of decreased precipitation would be an increase in organic layer and mineral soil C storage, mainly due to lower decomposition and higher chemical recalcitrance of organic matter, resulting from changes in litter composition and, likely also, wildfire patterns. This could turn these seasonally dry tropical forests into significant soil C sinks under the predicted longer drought periods if primary productivity is maintained.

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“…Causes of wildfires depend on the region. In Mexico, more than 90% of wildfires are caused by human activities including (a) change in land use from forests to agriculture, animal husbandry and housing (Cruz-Núñez et al, 2014), (b) negligence in smoking and building campfires, and (c) prescribed fires that get out of control (CONAFOR, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission impact of wildfires: El Tepozteco 2016

Cruz-Núñez

Aquino²

2019

Atm

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Los incendios forestales y silvestres impactan tanto a los ecosistemas como al bienestar humano, siendo las emisiones de monóxido de carbono y las partículas PM 2.5 los elementos con mayor efecto sobre la salud humana. En este estudio se evalúa el potencial de afectación de un incendio forestal en el Parque Nacional El Tepozteco en el estado de Morelos, México, sobre la salud de los pobladores asentados en los alrededores de dicho parque. Las poblaciones vecinas se encuentran aproximadamente a 2000 m de la zona afectada por el incendio, que ocurrió en un área de protección natural. Se realizaron simulaciones con el modelo HYSPLIT para estimar las trayectorias de los contaminantes y se realizó una simulación para determinar la concentración de los contaminantes como función de la distancia a los centros de población. Los resultados muestran que los habitantes de las poblaciones adyacentes no estuvieron expuestos a niveles de riesgo de acuerdo con las regulaciones nacional e internacional debido a que la trayectoria de dispersión de los contaminantes no impactó dichas poblaciones. En México es necesario priorizar la prevención, monitoreo y medidas de mitigación de los incendios causados por seres humanos. Se recomienda incrementar la cobertura de la red de monitoreo de Morelos a fin de que incluya al municipio de Tepoztlán, debido a la frecuencia de los incendios forestales y al crecimiento del área urbana.

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Black carbon and organic carbon emissions from wildfires in Mexico

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Impact of the June 2018 Saddleworth Moor wildfires on air quality in northern England

Impact of the June 2018 Saddleworth Moor wildfires on air quality in northern England

Variations in soil carbon sequestration and their determinants along a precipitation gradient in seasonally dry tropical forest ecosystems

Emission impact of wildfires: El Tepozteco 2016

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