Black-Box Warnings of Antiseizure Medications: What is Inside the Box?

GluN2A and GluN2B N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDARs) Subunits: Their Roles and Therapeutic Antagonists in Neurological Diseases

“…Felbamate is widely recognized for its effectiveness as an additional therapy in the treatment of challenging conditions such as intractable partial seizures. However, it is important to note that the use of felbamate as an adjunctive therapy in partial epilepsy has been constrained due to the occurrence of severe adverse effects, including aplastic anemia and liver disease [100]. Neu2000, alternatively known as nelonemdaz or salfaprodil, is a compound derived from sulfasalazine and belongs to the class of negative allosteric modulators targeting GluN2B-containing NMDARs and has been specifically designed to mitigate NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity as well as free radical toxicity [101].…”

Equity in access to antiseizure medications: Who has the right to decide and what are the consequences of crisis decisions?

“…As with many of the ASMs, valproate has potential adverse events, which include potential hematological complications, carnitine depletion, hepatotoxicity, and increased body mass. 3,4 The product, first registered in 1973, was widely used as first-line intervention for focal and generalized seizures. Intrauterine exposure carries a two-to sevenfold increased risk of major congenital malformations, as well as poorer cognitive development in the offspring, and significantly increases the rate of autistic traits and autism.…”