Black bodies—White control: The contested terrain of sportsmanlike conduct

Andrews, Vernon L.

doi:10.1007/bf02733939

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Kyle Kusz (2007) argues the selflessness and morality of white athlete such as Pat Tillman is sustained through the constant juxtaposition with black athletes that are labeled as selfish and attention seeking (see also Andrews 1996b;Cunningham, 2009;Ferber, 2007). The framing of black athletes as selfish and attention seeking often emerges from these athletes challenging the status quo.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Ricky Williams presents a conundrum as he is situated within contradictory discourses of the good black, bad black, as well as a person who cannot be defined. Bryant Keith Alexander (2006) argues that without the proper cultural toolboxes we are unable to make sense of unfamiliar cultural groups (see also Andrews, 1996b). Therefore, the repeated discursive constructions of black masculinity within a narrow dichotomy does not give those that are unfamiliar with the African American experience the toolbox to understand someone like Williams whose attributes are situated across numerous discourses.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ricky and Stick Icky: Marijuana, Sport, and the Legibility/Illegibility of Black Masculinity

Dickerson

2018

Sociology of Sport Journal

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In this article, I examine the ways the popular press, and two sport documentaries construct narratives of Ricky Williams’ marijuana use, early retirement, and return to the National Football League. I argue that all of the texts in question, work to produce a dominant reading of Williams, as someone who is difficult to define, and it is because of inability to put Williams’s identity into a box, that his marijuana use, “strange” personality, and early retirement is used to shoe-horn him into tropes of the bad black athlete. Nonetheless, this paper draws on Mark Anthony Neal’s concept of illegible and legible black masculinity to argue that a re-scripting of these narratives can be used to imagine alternative forms of black masculinity the emphasizes empathy, sensitivity, emotional maturity, and a rejection of domination and material wealth. This analysis is situated within the changing landscape of marijuana legislation and the racial inequity in arrest rates for marijuana.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Ricky and Stick Icky: Marijuana, Sport, and the Legibility/Illegibility of Black Masculinity

Dickerson

2018

Sociology of Sport Journal

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“…The voluminous commentary about players’ departures from traditional modes of comportment and deference to authority indexed a changing dynamic in NFL power relations, as a new generation of African American athletes revolutionized pro football’s politics of style (Dinerstein, 2005). Since the 1970s, contestation over the racialized cultural politics of workplace discipline has defined the NFL—the push and pull between creative celebrations and 15-yard penalties for unsportsmanlike conduct (Andrews, 1996; Cunningham, 2009).…”

Section: Organization Men: the Modern Office And The Modern Nflmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gridiron and the Gray Flannel Suit: NFL Football and the Modern U.S. Workplace

Gilbert

2018

Journal of Sport and Social Issues

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Examining three critical periods of transformation in the history of professional football in the United States, this article demonstrates the centrality of the workplace to the development of the National Football League (NFL). The article argues that the NFL originated in the welfare capitalism of the early 1920s; that mass-mediated narratives about corporate management drove pro football's coming-of-age in the 1950s and 1960s; and that fantasy football-the NFL's most distinctive new form of spectatorship in the age of digital capitalism-positioned fans as imaginary managers of human capital. Taken together, these three pivotal moments demonstrate the inextricable links between changes in professional sports and transformations in the organization of work.

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“…The impact of misguided stereotyping results in well-documented problems and stresses when minorities come into contact with power structures inhabited by primarily white decision-makers. Extant research suggests that such discrimination is found in venues such as labor markets (Feagin and Imani 1994;Pager and Quillian 2005), classrooms (Andrews 1996;Downey and Pribesh 2004;Feagin et al 1996), and consumer exchanges (Feagin 1991).…”

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confidence: 96%

“…For example, a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) rule introduced in 1995 penalizing football players for "excessive" celebration highlighted a cultural divide between those with the power to make the rules-largely older white men who had coached for many years-and the players who would have to adhere to the rule. Minority players, particularly African Americans, objected to these rules as insensitive to cultural practices and differences (Andrews 1996). African American players' lack of access to any mechanism to change the rules reveals how the concentration of off-the-field power in white rulemakers' hands allows for continued debate over the symbols, rules, and meaning within sport (Hartmann 2000a(Hartmann , b, 2007.…”

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confidence: 98%

Race and the NFL Draft: Views from the Auction Block

Dufur

Feinberg

2008

Qual Sociol

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Previous research suggests that minorities are more likely to perceive racially-based discrimination in a variety of settings than are whites, in large part because of the ways their personal experiences with racism shape the lens they use to view the world. We examine a labor market that is typically considered an exception to patterns of racism in employment, the industry of professional football. We interview athletes who attempted to gain employment in the National Football League, a labor market where access to valued positions is heavily restricted by industry practices. Findings from field research and semi-structured interviews indicate that minority workers experience symbolic discrimination during the hiring process. Differential treatment of players reflects stereotypes about minority families and masculinity. Although minority and white players describe much of the actual content of their labor market experiences in similar fashion, their perceptions of these experiences differ sharply, with minority athletes identifying far more negative repercussions.Race scholars note two distinctive forms of discrimination endured by persons of color: overt and symbolic. Bobo and Smith (1998) explain how the racial attitudes of dominant whites have evolved from overt racism, illustrated by Jim Crow segregation, to more symbolic or "laissez-faire" racism. In contemporary American culture, laissez-faire racism stems from institutionalized disadvantages accrued because of prior overt discrimination and results in the development of attitudes that blame African-Americans and other minorities for their own failure to achieve equality in a post-Civil Rights era (Bobo and Smith 1998). Thus, although discriminatory hiring practices, housing restrictions, unequal Qual Sociol (2009) 32:53-73

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Black bodies—White control: The contested terrain of sportsmanlike conduct

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Ricky and Stick Icky: Marijuana, Sport, and the Legibility/Illegibility of Black Masculinity

Ricky and Stick Icky: Marijuana, Sport, and the Legibility/Illegibility of Black Masculinity

The Gridiron and the Gray Flannel Suit: NFL Football and the Modern U.S. Workplace

Race and the NFL Draft: Views from the Auction Block

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