Black Barley as a Means of Mitigating Deoxynivalenol Contamination

Choo, T. M.; Vigier, B.; Savard, Marc E.; Blackwell, Barbara A.; Martin, Richard A.; Wang, Junmei; Yang, Jianming; Abdel‐Aal, El‐Sayed M.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2014.05.0405

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Plant ‘Melanins’ is a general name for groups of high-molecular black/brown pigmented irregular polymers, arising in the course of oxidation and polymerization of phenolic compounds. Although black pigmentation is considered to be an important agronomic trait because of its protective functions against severe environments and infections [ 61 – 63 ] chemical nature of the black pigments and the biosynthesis pathway leading to them is not clear [ 61 , 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of the Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway Genes in Purple and Black Grains of Hordeum vulgare

et al. 2016

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Barley grain at maturity can have yellow, purple, blue, and black pigmentations which are suggested to play a protective role under stress conditions. The first three types of the colors are caused by phenolic compounds flavonoids; the last one is caused by phytomelanins, oxidized and polymerized phenolic compounds. Although the genetic basis of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in barley has been thoroughly studied, there is no data yet on its regulation in purple and black barley grains. In the current study, genetic model of Hordeum vulgare ‘Bowman’ near-isogenic lines (NILs) was used to investigate the regulation of the flavonoid biosynthesis in white, purple, and black barley grains. Microsatellite genotyping revealed donor segments in the purple- and black-grained lines on chromosomes 2H (in region of the Ant2 gene determining purple color of grains) and 1H (in region of the Blp gene determining black lemma and pericarp), respectively. The isolated dominant Ant2 allele of the purple-grained line has high level of sequence similarity with the recessive Bowman’s ant2 in coding region, whereas an insertion of 179 bp was detected in promoter region of ant2. This structural divergence between Ant2 and ant2 alleles may underlie their different expression in grain pericarp: Bowman’s Ant2 is not transcribed, whereas it was up-regulated in the purple-grained line with coordinately co-expressed flavonoid biosynthesis structural genes (Chs, Chi, F3h, F3’h, Dfr, Ans). This led to total anthocyain content increase in purple-grained line identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Collectively, these results proved the regulatory function of the Ant2 gene in anthocyanin biosynthesis in barley grain pericarp. In the black-grained line, the specific transcriptional regulation of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes was not detected, suggesting that flavonoid pigments are not involved in development of black lemma and pericarp trait.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of the Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway Genes in Purple and Black Grains of Hordeum vulgare

et al. 2016

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“…In wheat, positive relations between both free and cell wall bound phenolic acid levels and wheat resistance to FHB were reported by Siranidou et al ( 2002 ). By the same reasoning, Choo et al ( 2015 ) hypothesized that the high level of black barley resistance to FHB is linked to its richness in phenolic compounds. In addition to phenolic acids but with less conclusive evidence, many other phenylpropanoid compounds have been suggested to contribute to the chemical defense to FHB, GER, or FER.…”

Section: Relation Between Resistance To Fusarium Smentioning

confidence: 98%

Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites in Cereals: Potential Involvement in Resistance to Fusarium and Mycotoxin Accumulation

2016

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Gibberella and Fusarium Ear Rot and Fusarium Head Blight are major diseases affecting European cereals. These diseases are mainly caused by fungi of the Fusarium genus, primarily Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides. These Fusarium species pose a serious threat to food safety because of their ability to produce a wide range of mycotoxins, including type B trichothecenes and fumonisins. Many factors such as environmental, agronomic or genetic ones may contribute to high levels of accumulation of mycotoxins in the grain and there is an urgent need to implement efficient and sustainable management strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination. Actually, fungicides are not fully efficient to control the mycotoxin risk. In addition, because of harmful effects on human health and environment, their use should be seriously restricted in the near future. To durably solve the problem of mycotoxin accumulation, the breeding of tolerant genotypes is one of the most promising strategies for cereals. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant resistance to both Fusarium and mycotoxin contamination will shed light on plant-pathogen interactions and provide relevant information for improving breeding programs. Resistance to Fusarium depends on the plant ability in preventing initial infection and containing the development of the toxigenic fungi while resistance to mycotoxin contamination is also related to the capacity of plant tissues in reducing mycotoxin accumulation. This capacity can result from two mechanisms: metabolic transformation of the toxin into less toxic compounds and inhibition of toxin biosynthesis. This last mechanism involves host metabolites able to interfere with mycotoxin biosynthesis. This review aims at gathering the latest scientific advances that support the contribution of grain antioxidant secondary metabolites to the mechanisms of plant resistance to Fusarium and mycotoxin accumulation.

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“…Dihydroquercetin, one of the flavonoids in barley is proved to be a strong inhibitor of Fusarium growth and macrospore formation ( Skadhauge et al, 1997 ). In addition, black barley has a lower Fusarium head blight (FHB) incidence and less deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration than yellow barley after comparison of black and yellow recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from two different crosses ( Choo et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Identification of Black Lemma and Pericarp Gene Blp1 in Barley Combining Bulked Segregant Analysis and Specific-Locus Amplified Fragment Sequencing

Jia

Wang²,

Zhu³

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Black barley is caused by phytomelanin synthesized in lemma and/or pericarp and the trait is controlled by one dominant gene Blp1. The gene is mapped on chromosome 1H by molecular markers, but it is yet to be isolated. Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) is an effective method for large-scale de novo single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery and genotyping. In the present study, SLAF-seq with bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was employed to obtain sufficient markers to fine mapping Blp1 gene in an F2 population derived from Hatiexi No.1 × Zhe5819. Based on SNP screening criteria, a total of 77,542 polymorphic SNPs met the requirements for association analysis. Combining two association analysis methods, the overlapped region with a size of 32.41 Mb on chromosome 1H was obtained as the candidate region of Blp1 gene. According to SLAF-seq data, markers were developed in the target region and were used for mapping the Blp1 gene. Linkage analysis showed that Blp1 co-segregated with HZSNP34 and HZSNP36, and was delimited by two markers (HZSNP35 and HZSNP39) spanning 8.1 cM in 172 homozygous yellow grain F2 plants of Hatiexi No.1 × Zhe5819. More polymorphic markers were screened in the reduced target region and were used to genotype the population. As a result, Blp1 was delimited within a 1.66 Mb on chromosome 1H by the upstream marker HZSNP63 and the downstream marker HZSNP59. Our results demonstrated the utility of SLAF-seq-BSA approach to identify the candidate region and discover polymorphic markers at the specific targeted genomic region.

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Black Barley as a Means of Mitigating Deoxynivalenol Contamination

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Regulation of the Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway Genes in Purple and Black Grains of Hordeum vulgare

Regulation of the Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway Genes in Purple and Black Grains of Hordeum vulgare

Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites in Cereals: Potential Involvement in Resistance to Fusarium and Mycotoxin Accumulation

Toward Identification of Black Lemma and Pericarp Gene Blp1 in Barley Combining Bulked Segregant Analysis and Specific-Locus Amplified Fragment Sequencing

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