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Shell, G. Richard

doi:10.1023/a:1013280109471

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Three infants were excluded for not making a choice of any toy (1) or not watching the relevant parts of the procedure (2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern-day Shibboleth is ubiquitous: United States history alone abounds with examples of linguistic discrimination, from the severing of the tongues of slaves who spoke no English, to the forbidding of the public speaking of German during World War II and the execution of Russian speakers after the Alaskan purchase (1). Recent world history provides examples of linguicide paired with genocide of the Kurds in Turkey (2) and of imposed language policies initiating antiApartheid riots in South Africa (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The native language of social cognition

Kinzler

Dupoux

Spelke

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

761

746

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What leads humans to divide the social world into groups, preferring their own group and disfavoring others? Experiments with infants and young children suggest these tendencies are based on predispositions that emerge early in life and depend, in part, on natural language. Young infants prefer to look at a person who previously spoke their native language. Older infants preferentially accept toys from native-language speakers, and preschool children preferentially select native-language speakers as friends. Variations in accent are sufficient to evoke these social preferences, which are observed in infants before they produce or comprehend speech and are exhibited by children even when they comprehend the foreign-accented speech. Early-developing preferences for native-language speakers may serve as a foundation for later-developing preferences and conflicts among social groups. cognitive developmentThe Gileadites captured the fords of the Jordan leading to Ephraim, and whenever a survivour of Ephraim said, ''Let me go over,'' the men of Gilead asked him, ''Are you an Ephraimite?'' If he replied, ''No,'' they said, ''All right, say 'Shibboleth'.'' If he said, ''Sibboleth,'' because he could not pronounce the word correctly, they seized him and killed him at the fords of the Jordan. Forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed at that time.Judges 12:5-6. The biblical story of Shibboleth speaks of the ancient massacre of those who could not correctly pronounce a phrase, thereby revealing their out-group status. Modern-day Shibboleth is ubiquitous: United States history alone abounds with examples of linguistic discrimination, from the severing of the tongues of slaves who spoke no English, to the forbidding of the public speaking of German during World War II and the execution of Russian speakers after the Alaskan purchase (1). Recent world history provides examples of linguicide paired with genocide of the Kurds in Turkey (2) and of imposed language policies initiating antiApartheid riots in South Africa (3). Favor for one's native language group pervades contemporary politics in more subtle ways as well, for example, in recent debates concerning bilingual education, the politics of sign languages in deaf education, or proposals to make English the national language of the United States. We present evidence that the connection between language and human social groups has roots in human infancy, where it guides early-developing social preferences and predisposes humans to interact with members of their own linguistic group.Newborn infants are sensitive to human speech and prefer the sound of their mother's voice and their native language (4-8).Throughout the first year of life, an ability to distinguish contrasts between nonnative speech sounds diminishes, whereas sensitivity to native speech is maintained (9-11). Although infants' looking time preferences to familiar vs. novel displays may vary based on factors such as complexity and duration of exposure (12)(13)(14)(15), often young infants demonstrate a preferen...

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“…Three infants were excluded for not making a choice of any toy (1) or not watching the relevant parts of the procedure (2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The native language of social cognition

Kinzler

Dupoux

Spelke

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

761

746

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Munduate et al (1999), showed that the most effective negotiation style was a combination of compromising, integrating and dominating styles, and this pattern was more effective than any other style. Hence, it is now suggested that the overall effectiveness of each negotiation style will vary depending on the situation and time of the negotiation, so flexibility to adopt the most adaptive behavior seems crucial (Antonioni, 1998;Shell, 2001;Preuss and van der Wijst, 2017). Knowledge and management of negotiation style are essential for negotiators, and even experienced negotiators often appear to be unaware of their negotiation style (Miller, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variables Associated With Negotiation Effectiveness: The Role of Mindfulness

et al. 2020

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Negotiation is the main mean of conflict resolution. Despite its capital importance, little is known about influencing variables or effective interventions. Mindfulness has shown to improve subjects' performance in different settings but until now, no study has shown its impact in negotiation. The aim of this study is to analyze which variables are associated with effectiveness and to determine if meditators are more effective in negotiation. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. The study variables were: socio-demographic variables, negotiation effectiveness (Negotiation Effectiveness Questionnaire), mindfulness (Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire), emotional intelligence (Trait Meta-Mood Scale Questionnaire), personality (NEO-FFI personality inventory), motivation (McClelland Questionnaire), and negotiation style (Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II). A correlational study and a multivariate model were developed. Negotiation effectiveness was associated with age, mindfulness, emotional intelligence, extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, achievement motivation, integrating, dominating, and compromising negotiation styles and inversely correlated toward neuroticism. The effectiveness of the negotiation is explained by the variables clarity, age, conscientiousness, dominating, and compromising style. Meditators were found to be more effective than non-meditators.

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“…Some earlier teaching exercises applied the dual concern model by having students identify their dominant conflict management tendencies (e.g., Brown, 2012;Shell, 2001); unfortunately, such exercises disregard how frequently people alter their conflict strategies (Callanan et al, 2006;Marin et al, 1994). Other exercises, including the well-known Ugli Orange case, focus more narrowly on demonstrating the importance of searching for mutually beneficial outcomes (House, 1998;Seltzer & Smither, 2007).…”

Section: The Dual Concern Model Of Conflict Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can We Resolve This? Two Classroom Exercises on Conflict Management

Miller

2022

Management Teaching Review

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Workplace conflict, with its potential to be either highly beneficial or highly damaging, is best handled with thoughtful, deliberate care. This article presents two classroom exercises that demonstrate the value of carefully weighing both parties’ interests in a conflict, as suggested by the well-known “dual concern” model of conflict management. In the first exercise, students identify potential responses to a conflict over a “date night” restaurant choice. Discussion focuses on aligning these responses with the conflict management strategies inherent in the dual concern model and on identifying the potential for mutually beneficial outcomes. The second exercise then demonstrates how situational characteristics contribute to the choice of conflict management strategy. In it, student teams debate the importance of meeting their own, versus another party’s, interests in three realistic, hypothetical conflicts. Teaching tips, exercise variations, and summary information on the effective use of different conflict management strategies are provided.

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Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

The native language of social cognition

The native language of social cognition

Variables Associated With Negotiation Effectiveness: The Role of Mindfulness

How Can We Resolve This? Two Classroom Exercises on Conflict Management

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