Untitled

Leo²,

2021

Sci Rep

Tiger milk mushroom (TMM; Lignosus rhinocerus) have been used for a long time by indigenous communities in South East Asia regions as traditional medicine for different ailments, including respiratory disorders. The beneficial effects of TMM have been proven through in vivo and in vitro models, but these effects have yet to be validated in a clinical study. In this study, the beneficial effects of TMM supplementation were investigated in 50 voluntary participants. Participants were required to take 300 mg of TMM twice daily for three months. Level of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 8 (IL-8), immunoglobulin A (IgA), total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde (MDA), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms were assessed during baseline and monthly follow-up visits. Results demonstrated that supplementation of TMM significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the level of IL-1β, IL-8, MDA, as well as respiratory symptoms. In additional to that, TMM also significantly (p < 0.05) induced the level of IgA, total antioxidant capacity, as well as pulmonary function. Analyses of data indicated that gender and BMI were factors influencing the outcomes of antioxidant status. Collectively, our findings suggested that TMM supplementation effectively improves respiratory health, immunity and antioxidant status.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tiger milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerus) supplementation on respiratory health, immunity and antioxidant status: an open-label prospective study

Leo²,

2021

Sci Rep

“…GLA was experimentally proven to reduce interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta) production, which may play a role in inflammation and diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. GLA may also affect cAMP levels which in turn inhibit synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, the central inflammatory mediator which also regulates the articular degeneration processes in rheumatoid arthritis [14] [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Assessment of Treatment Outcomes Following <i>Borago officinalis</i> Extract Therapy in Patients Presenting with Cyclical Mastalgia

Gama¹,

Lasmar²,

Gama³

et al. 2015

IJCM

In order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Borago officinalis (900 mg borage oil capsules) in the treatment of patients presenting with cyclic mastalgia, 91 subjects were included in the study. Efficacy assessments were performed based on data obtained prior to the start of treatment (Pretreatment), and after each menstrual cycle (Assessment 2-following 45 days of treatment; and Assessment 3-at the end of the 90-day treatment period). Primary efficacy measures considered the results of the Mastalgia Questionnaire, including a 100 mm visual analog pain scale assessing mean, most intense mastalgia severity, and impact on work, sleep, and sexual activity. Safety and tolerability measures included any changes in vital signs and physical exam in relation to pretreatment, any changes in clinical laboratory exams in relation to pretreatment, and the occurrence of adverse events after the first dose of study medication. The VAS scores of the mean mastalgia and most severe mastalgia both showed statistically significant (p < 0.0001) reductions from Pretreatment to Assessment 3. Mean mastalgia scores improved among 92.3% of the treated patients, while most severe mastalgia scores improved among 93.4% of patients. There were sta-* Corresponding author. C. R. B. Gama et al. 364tistically significant improvements in the assessments of mastalgia impact on work (χ 2 = 28.24; gl = 4; p < 0.0001), sleep (χ 2 = 14.29; gl = 4; p = 0.0006), and sexual activity (χ 2 = 16.11; gl = 4; p = 0.0029) during the treatment period. The results of this study indicate a significant improvement in the mastalgia of the treated patients together with an improvement in the quality of life parameters evaluated. In terms of safety, the tolerability of the treatment was good, with the presence of some adverse events, all of which had been previously described with use of the Borago officinalis extract. No serious side effects were reported, and the events that did occur were transitory. Based on the results of this study, we concluded that the Borago officinalis extract was safe and effective in the treatment of cyclic mastalgia among the treated patients.

“…In this context, it is interesting to know that several unsaturated fatty acids (including GLA, EPA, and DHA) and their anti-inflammatory metabolites, such as LXA4, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, suppress IL-1β and IL-17 production and inhibit STATs [ 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 ]. These results are in accordance with the potent anti-inflammatory actions of these bioactive lipids, further supporting their potential use in sepsis and other critical illnesses.…”

Section: Brain–body Immune Regulation—a Role For Bioactive Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dysregulation of Essential Fatty Acid (EFA) Metabolism May Be a Factor in the Pathogenesis of Sepsis

Das

2024

Medicina

I propose that a deficiency of essential fatty acids (EFAs) and an alteration in their (EFAs) metabolism could be a major factor in the pathogenesis of sepsis and sepsis-related mortality. The failure of corticosteroids, anti-TNF-α, and anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibodies can be attributed to this altered EFA metabolism in sepsis. Vitamin C; folic acid; and vitamin B1, B6, and B12 serve as co-factors necessary for the activity of desaturase enzymes that are the rate-limiting steps in the metabolism of EFAs. The altered metabolism of EFAs results in an imbalance in the production and activities of pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids and cytokines resulting in both hyperimmune and hypoimmune responses seen in sepsis. This implies that restoring the metabolism of EFAs to normal may form a newer therapeutic approach both in the prevention and management of sepsis and other critical illnesses.