Bk Virus and Non-Haemorrhagic Cystitis in a Child

Padgett, Billie L.; Walker, D. L.; Desquitado, MarleneM.; Kim, DaeUn

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)92062-7

Cited by 28 publications

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“…As determined by seroconversion, primary infection with BKV occurs early in childhood, while JCV infection occurs slightly more toward adolescence (17, 36, 51). Initial infection is not apparent and rarely causes clinical disease, although respiratory symptoms or urinary tract disease is sometimes found in the case of BKV (18,21,37). JCV and BKV can be detected in tonsillar tissue (19,32), and the hypothesis that the respiratory tract is the primary site of viral infection has been suggested.…”

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confidence: 99%

Potential Transmission of Human Polyomaviruses through the Gastrointestinal Tract after Exposure to Virions or Viral DNA

Bofill-Mas

Formiga-Cruz

Clemente-Casares

et al. 2001

J Virol

168

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The mechanism of human-to-human transmission of the polyomaviruses JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV) has not been firmly established with regard to possible human exposure. JCV and BKV have been found in sewage samples from different geographical areas in Europe, Africa, and the United States, with average concentrations of 10 2 to 10 3 JCV particles/ml and 10 1 to 10 2 BKV particles/ml. Selected polyomavirus-positive sewage samples were further characterized. The JCV and BKV present in these samples were identified by sequencing of the intergenic region (the region found between the T antigen and VP coding regions) of JCV and the VP1 region of BKV. The regulatory region of the JCV and BKV strains found in sewage samples presented archetypal or archetype-like genetic structures, as described for urine samples. The stability (the time required for a 90% reduction in the virus concentration) of the viral particles in sewage at 20°C was estimated to be 26.7 days for JCV and 53.6 days for BKV. The presence of JCV in 50% of the shellfish samples analyzed confirmed the stability of these viral particles in the environment. BKV and JCV particles were also found to be stable at pH 5; however, treatment at a pH lower than 3 resulted in the detection of free viral DNA. Since most humans are infected with JCV and BKV, these data indicate that the ingestion of contaminated water or food could represent a possible portal of entrance of these viruses or polyomavirus DNA into the human population.JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV) are nonenveloped, icosahedral viruses with double-stranded, negatively supercoiled, circular DNA genomes of approximately 5.13 kb. The polyomavirus genome consists of an early region, a late region, and a regulatory region (RR) containing promoters, enhancers, and the replication origin. The genome is transcribed bidirectionally from the origin. It codes for the early region proteins (large T and small t antigens) that regulate the transcription of the late region proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3, and agnoprotein). JCV and BKV are associated primarily with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and hemorrhagic cystitis, respectively, and a role for these viruses in human cancer has been suggested (23). Both viruses are found at high frequencies throughout most human populations, and their pathogenicity, which is associated primarily with immunocompromised states, has attracted more attention due to the immunosuppression associated with AIDS. As determined by seroconversion, primary infection with BKV occurs early in childhood, while JCV infection occurs slightly more toward adolescence (17, 36, 51). Initial infection is not apparent and rarely causes clinical disease, although respiratory symptoms or urinary tract disease is sometimes found in the case of BKV (18,21,37). JCV and BKV can be detected in tonsillar tissue (19,32), and the hypothesis that the respiratory tract is the primary site of viral infection has been suggested. After the initial infection, the virus disseminates and establishes a p...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Transmission of Human Polyomaviruses through the Gastrointestinal Tract after Exposure to Virions or Viral DNA

Bofill-Mas

Formiga-Cruz

Clemente-Casares

et al. 2001

J Virol

168

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“…Gonzalez et al reported on a 5 year old boy that presented with a self-limiting form of HC [12]. In addition, several authors have reported cases of nonhaemorrhagic polyoma virus cystitis which probably represent symptomatic primary infections, because of the young age of the patients [13][14][15].…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyomavirus BK – A potential new therapeutic target for painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis?

Beckley

Ridder

2014

Medical Hypotheses

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“…Although human polyomavirus infections usually are asymptomatic, BKV has been found in association with upper respiratory symptoms and urinary tract disease, albeit infrequently [Goudsmit et al, 1981[Goudsmit et al, , 1982Sundsfjord et al, 1994]. There is little evidence to suggest that BKV plays a causal role in these common syndromes [Padgett and Walker, 1973;Padgett et al, 1983;Sundsfjord et al, 1994]. The human kidney is the primary reservoir of BKV, and urinary excretion occurs intermittently in less than 5% of children and adults [Knowles, 2001].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of BK virus and simian virus 40 in the urine of healthy children

Vanchiere¹,

White

Butel

2005

J. Med. Virol.

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Seroprevalence studies indicate that most primary infections with BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) occur in the first and second decades of life, respectively. Relatively little is known about the transmission of these agents, including the primary source of human exposure, the portal of entry, and the pathophysiology of life-long viral persistence. We sought to determine if simian virus 40 (SV40) excretion could be detected in the urine of healthy children and to define the age-related prevalence of polyomavirus shedding in this population. A point prevalence study of polyomavirus shedding was conducted in healthy children using rigorous enrollment criteria. Urine samples were collected from healthy children, age from 3 to 18 years, during routine evaluation at two urban pediatric clinics. Qualitative PCR analysis was performed using primers that detect a conserved region of the T-antigen gene of BKV, JCV, and SV40. The identity of polyomaviruses detected was determined by DNA sequence analysis and/or PCR amplification of other regions of the viral genomes. Seven of 72 (9.7%) urine samples were positive for polyomaviruses: three with BKV (ages 4, 6, 13), two with SV40 (ages 6, 16), two with BKV and SV40 co-excretion (ages 6, 15), and none with JCV. DNA sequence analysis confirmed the identity of viruses detected. These results suggest that the timing of SV40 infections in humans may be similar to that of BKV and that urine from healthy children could contribute to the ubiquity of BKV infection early in life.

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Bk Virus and Non-Haemorrhagic Cystitis in a Child

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Potential Transmission of Human Polyomaviruses through the Gastrointestinal Tract after Exposure to Virions or Viral DNA

Potential Transmission of Human Polyomaviruses through the Gastrointestinal Tract after Exposure to Virions or Viral DNA

Polyomavirus BK – A potential new therapeutic target for painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis?

Detection of BK virus and simian virus 40 in the urine of healthy children

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