BIZARRE INTERACTIONS AND ENDGAMES: Entomopathogenic Fungi and Their Arthropod Hosts

Roy, Helen E.; Steinkraus, Donald C.; Eilenberg, Jørgen; Hajek, Ann E.; Pell, J. K.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.150941

Cited by 353 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…More recently there is growing evidence that some of these compounds are not produced by the insects themselves but by endogenous microbial flora, adding an interesting twist to coevolutionary scenarios (56,57). In other insects, specific behaviors, including heat seeking (behavioral fever), aggregation, and, in the case of social insects, grooming, have also been shown to be strategies for impeding or minimizing microbial infections (58)(59)(60). Within this context, some tenebrionid beetles, e.g., T. castaneum, are resistant to B. bassiana infection under most conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tenebrionid secretions and a fungal benzoquinone oxidoreductase form competing components of an arms race between a host and pathogen

Pedrini

Ortiz‐Urquiza

Huarte‐Bonnet

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

123

118

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Entomopathogenic fungi and their insect hosts represent a model system for examining invertebrate-pathogen coevolutionary selection processes. Here we report the characterization of competing components of an arms race consisting of insect protective antimicrobial compounds and evolving fungal mechanisms of detoxification. The insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has a remarkably wide host range; however, some insects are resistant to fungal infection. Among resistant insects is the tenebrionid beetle Tribolium castaneum that produces benzoquinone-containing defensive secretions. Reduced fungal germination and growth was seen in media containing T. castaneum dichloromethane extracts or synthetic benzoquinone. In response to benzoquinone exposure, the fungus expresses a 1,4-benzoquinone oxidoreductase, BbbqrA, induced >40-fold. Gene knockout mutants (ΔBbbqrA) showed increased growth inhibition, whereas B. bassiana overexpressing BbbqrA (Bb::BbbqrAO) displayed increased resistance to benzoquinone compared with wild type. Increased benzoquinone reductase activity was detected in wild-type cells exposed to benzoquinone and in the overexpression strain. Heterologous expression and purification of BbBqrA in Escherichia coli confirmed NAD(P)H-dependent benzoquinone reductase activity. The ΔBbbqrA strain showed decreased virulence toward T. castaneum, whereas overexpression of BbbqrA increased mortality versus T. castaneum. No change in virulence was seen for the ΔBbbqrA or Bb::BbbqrAO strains when tested against the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella or the beetle Sitophilus oryzae, neither of which produce significant amounts of cuticular quinones. The observation that artificial overexpression of BbbqrA results in increased virulence only toward quinone-secreting insects implies the lack of strong selection or current failure of B. bassiana to counteradapt to this particular host defense throughout evolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tenebrionid secretions and a fungal benzoquinone oxidoreductase form competing components of an arms race between a host and pathogen

Pedrini

Ortiz‐Urquiza

Huarte‐Bonnet

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

123

118

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“…The efficacy of EPF as biocontrol agents is affected by many biotic and abiotic factors in their environment (Roy et al 2006), which is one of the major bottlenecks in their usage. Temperature is one such factor affecting the EPF in nature (Ouedraogo et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation and evaluation of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin strains for their temperature tolerance

Teja

Rahman

2016

Mycology

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Entomopathogenic fungal species from the genera Beauveria, Metarhizium and Lecanicillium are important components in biological control of insect pests. However, temperature, humidity and UV radiation are among the important abiotic factors, which limit their effective usage. In this study, four local isolates of Metarhizium were isolated from different crop rhiospheres of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh states of India, identified and tested for their temperature tolerance in terms of radial growth, conidial yield per 10 mm disc and rate of conidial germination at different incubation temperatures. The results revealed that strains LaMa1 and MaAICRP performed well in terms of radial growth, conidial yield and rate of conidial germination, even at 35°C temperature. The role of such temperature tolerant strains in agriculture is discussed.

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“…As a consequence they produce consistent, recognisable symptoms that define disease states. Less well characterised, in many cases, are alterations of host behaviour, caused directly or indirectly by the pathogen, that contribute to disease (see Roy et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Lecanicillium longisporum infection on the behaviour of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae

Roditakis

Couzin

Franks³

et al. 2008

Journal of Insect Physiology

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The effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium longisporum (Zimmerman) Zare & Gams on three parameters of behaviour (feeding, reproduction and movement) of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) were investigated in the laboratory. Visual analysis of video tapes established that honeydew excretion events of mycosed aphids gradually declined from 2 d post inoculation and reproduction rate was significantly reduced 2 d prior to death (which occurred on day 6); both parameters were stable in controls over the same period. A detailed comparison was made between mobility of aphids during infection with two isolates of L. longisporum, using image analysis of video recordings. Both isolates caused an increase in activity at the beginning of mycosis (during fungal germination and cuticle invasion) though the intensity and the duration of this behaviour varied with the isolate. The possibility that increased movement in early mycosis helps disseminate disease is discussed in the light of the observation that saprophytic surface growth occurs on living M. persicae as it does in at least some other Lecanicillium spp-insect interactions.

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BIZARRE INTERACTIONS AND ENDGAMES: Entomopathogenic Fungi and Their Arthropod Hosts

Cited by 353 publications

References 95 publications

Tenebrionid secretions and a fungal benzoquinone oxidoreductase form competing components of an arms race between a host and pathogen

Tenebrionid secretions and a fungal benzoquinone oxidoreductase form competing components of an arms race between a host and pathogen

Characterisation and evaluation of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin strains for their temperature tolerance

Effects of Lecanicillium longisporum infection on the behaviour of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae

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