Bivalent tin ion assisted reduction for preparing graphene/SnO2 composite with good cyclic performance and lithium storage capacity

“…The formation of SnO 2 nanoparticles can be attributed to the oxygen-containing functional groups, such as hydroxyl and epoxy groups, serving as the anchor sites to bond Sn 4+ ion through electrostatic attraction. 51 After hydrothermal process, numerous SnO 2 nanorods appear, as shown in Figures 3(A) and (B). However, graphene, which may be totally covered with SnO 2 nanorods, is not directly observed owing to its low content.…”

Section: Sem and Tem Observationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…29 Due to the intense reaction condition, graphite was highly oxidized and featured with the residual epoxides, hydroxides and carboxylic acid groups on their surfaces, which made it easy to be exfoliated into graphene oxide sheets in water or other solutions by ultrasonication and to form a stable dispersion. The tunable oxygenous functional groups also provide graphene oxide with more opportunities to be 25 annealing in inert gases 31 and so on. On the other hand, semiconductor nanomaterials, such as ZnO, In 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , and SnO 2 have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in various nanodevices, sensors, photocatalysts and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, high energy consumption and low production limit its real applications. In the mean time, graphite oxide (GO) has been combined with other nanocrystals, such as nanoparticles, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] one-dimensional nanotubes, 21 22 nanorods, 23 24 twodimensional nanoplates, 25 26 nanosheets 27 28 and hierarchical micro/nano-architecture to prepare graphene-based nanocomposites. Graphite oxide could be obtained at low cost and with high yield by the Hummers' method via the reaction of graphite with a mixture of potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Facile Hydrothermal Strategy for Synthesis of SnO₂ Nanorods-Graphene Nanocomposites for High Performance Photocatalysis

Chen¹,

Zhang²,

Xu³

et al. 2012

j nanosci nanotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, we report a facilely hydrothermal process for synthesizing SnO2 nanorods-graphene (SnO2 nanorods-GR) composite using graphite oxide and SnCl4 as raw materials. The SnO2 nanorods-GR composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, Xray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Compared to commercial TiO2 nanoparticles P25 and neat SnO2 nanorods, the SnO2 nanorods-GR composite exhibits higher photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation. The mechanism of its high photocatalytic activity is mainly ascribed to the synergy effect between SnO2 and graphene, in which graphene acts as an adsorbent and electron acceptor due to its large structure of pi-pi conjugation from sp2 hybrid carbon atoms. The results demonstrated in this study provide a promising way to enhance the photocatalytic activity by compounding semiconductive nanocrystals with graphene.

show abstract

“…The extensive and promising study of SnO 2 /graphene composites started in 2010-2011 [465][466][467][468][469][470][471][472][473]. More recently, a composite made from graphene nanoribbons and SnO 2 nanoparticles has been synthesized [474].…”

Section: Sn Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) have made considerable progress since the first commercial one by Sony in 1991, which had LiCoO 2 and graphite as active elements of the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The LiBs are now the primary energy storage devices in the transportation and communications, from portable use in computers, up to electric and hybrid vehicles. More recently, they have also been used as back-up supply units, frequency regulators (load leveling) to integrate on smart grids the electricity produced by windmills and photovoltaic plants (for a recent review, see [1]). These applications require high energy densities, high power, and safety among others. Considerable efforts have been made to propose other electrodes to fulfill these requirements. We have recently reviewed the works and progress concerning the materials for the positive electrode [2][3][4][5][6]. The present work is devoted to the materials for the negative electrode counterpart. It is common to use the terminology anode and cathode for the negative and positive electrodes, respectively, although the electrodes play alternatively the role of anode and cathode during the charge and discharge process. We shall use this terminology in the following for conciseness purposes only.An ideal active anode element should fulfill the following requirements as follows: (1) It must be light and accommodate as much Li as possible to optimize the gravimetric capacity. (2) Its redox potential with respect to Li 0 /Li + must be as small as possible at any Li-concentration. The reason is that this potential is subtracted to the redox potential of the cathode material to give the overall voltage of the cell, and smaller voltage means smaller energy density. (3) It must possess good electronic and ionic conductivities since faster motion of the lithium ions and the electrons also mean higher power density of the cell. (4) It must not be soluble in the solvents of the electrolyte and not react with the lithium salt. (5) It must be safe, i.e. avoid any thermal runaway of the battery, a criterion that is not independent of the previous one, but deserves special attention, especially for use in transportation such as electric vehicles and planes. (6) It must be cheap and environmentally friendly. The different materials proposed as anode elements for Li-ion batteries must be discussed with respect to these different criteria.The graphite is still the most used anode material and is still the reference. The first works giving evidence of the insertion of lithium in graphite date from 1955 [7], confirmed by the synthesis of LiC 6 in 1965 [8]. The synthesis of LiC 6 , however, was not obtained by electrochemical process at that time. Another decade was spent before Besenhard and Eichinger discovered the reversible intercalation of lithium in graphite, proposing this material as an anode in 1976 [9,10]. Increasing the Li content in LiC 6 is possible [8], but no reversible cycling beyond LiC 6 could ever be obtained. The graphite anode can thus be cyc...

show abstract

Bivalent tin ion assisted reduction for preparing graphene/SnO2 composite with good cyclic performance and lithium storage capacity

Cited by 112 publications

References 28 publications

Tin Oxide/Graphene Aerogel Nanocomposites Building Superior Rate Capability for Lithium Ion Batteries

Tin Oxide/Graphene Aerogel Nanocomposites Building Superior Rate Capability for Lithium Ion Batteries

A Facile Hydrothermal Strategy for Synthesis of SnO₂ Nanorods-Graphene Nanocomposites for High Performance Photocatalysis

Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Bivalent tin ion assisted reduction for preparing graphene/SnO2 composite with good cyclic performance and lithium storage capacity

Cited by 112 publications

References 28 publications

Tin Oxide/Graphene Aerogel Nanocomposites Building Superior Rate Capability for Lithium Ion Batteries

Tin Oxide/Graphene Aerogel Nanocomposites Building Superior Rate Capability for Lithium Ion Batteries

A Facile Hydrothermal Strategy for Synthesis of SnO2 Nanorods-Graphene Nanocomposites for High Performance Photocatalysis

Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A Facile Hydrothermal Strategy for Synthesis of SnO₂ Nanorods-Graphene Nanocomposites for High Performance Photocatalysis