Bivalent mRNA vaccine booster induces robust antibody immunity against Omicron lineages BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.2.75 and BA.5

Fang, Zhenhao; Monteiro, Valter Silva; Hahn, Anne M.; Grubaugh, Nathan D.; Lucas, Carolina; Chen, Sidi

doi:10.1038/s41421-022-00473-4

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Lastly, the Omicron variant has a high immune escape capacity and partial vaccine escape ability. Efforts are being made over time to develop the next-generation vaccine and mutation-proof vaccines [ 28 , 140 , 141 ]. At the same time, it has been observed that the Omicron variant and its sub-variant possess a very high number of mutations [ 27 , 29 , 120 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Detailed Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Its Sub-Variants, Mutations and Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Landscape, Immune Escape, and Therapies

Chatterjee

Bhattacharya

Nag

et al. 2023

Viruses

136

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The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant concern for everyone. Recent data from many worldwide reports suggest that most infections are caused by the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages, dominating all the previously emerged variants. The numerous mutations in Omicron’s viral genome and its sub-lineages attribute it a larger amount of viral fitness, owing to the alteration of the transmission and pathophysiology of the virus. With a rapid change to the viral structure, Omicron and its sub-variants, namely BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5, dominate the community with an ability to escape the neutralization efficiency induced by prior vaccination or infections. Similarly, several recombinant sub-variants of Omicron, namely XBB, XBD, and XBF, etc., have emerged, which a better understanding. This review mainly entails the changes to Omicron and its sub-lineages due to it having a higher number of mutations. The binding affinity, cellular entry, disease severity, infection rates, and most importantly, the immune evading potential of them are discussed in this review. A comparative analysis of the Delta variant and the other dominating variants that evolved before Omicron gives the readers an in-depth understanding of the landscape of Omicron’s transmission and infection. Furthermore, this review discusses the range of neutralization abilities possessed by several approved antiviral therapeutic molecules and neutralizing antibodies which are functional against Omicron and its sub-variants. The rapid evolution of the sub-variants is causing infections, but the broader aspect of their transmission and neutralization has not been explored. Thus, the scientific community should adopt an elucidative approach to obtain a clear idea about the recently emerged sub-variants, including the recombinant variants, so that effective neutralization with vaccines and drugs can be achieved. This, in turn, will lead to a drop in the number of cases and, finally, an end to the pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Detailed Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Its Sub-Variants, Mutations and Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Landscape, Immune Escape, and Therapies

Chatterjee

Bhattacharya

Nag

et al. 2023

Viruses

136

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“…Similarly, the BNT162b2 bivalent BA.4/5 COVID-19 vaccine also showed higher neutralization titers against BA.4.6, BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 subvariant when tested in participants aged >55 years [ 11 ]. These data cumulatively support the decision to use these bivalent vaccines for their second booster [ 12 ]. On the other hand, two recent independent studies also suggested that antibody neutralization titers against omicron BA.4/BA.5 were similar after getting a bivalent mRNA vaccine booster to the monovalent vaccine [ 13 , 14 ].…”

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confidence: 87%

An Assessment of the Bivalent Vaccine as a Second Booster for COVID-19

Gupta

Jaiswal

2022

Vaccines

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“…Utilizing the inactivated virus-based, mRNA-based, and recombinant protein-based platforms, multiple updated vaccines specific to Beta, Delta, Omicron BA.1 or Omicron BA.2 have been developed. 30,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Results of animal studies and clinical trials have shown that these variant-targeting vaccines could induce higher nAb responses than the ancestral vaccine against these specific variants. Furthermore, variant-specific vaccines along with prototype vaccines have been used in combination to achieve cross-neutralizing responses against divergent SARS-CoV-2 strains (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05365724, NCT05381350, NCT05382871).…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, variant-specific vaccines along with prototype vaccines have been used in combination to achieve cross-neutralizing responses against divergent SARS-CoV-2 strains (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05365724, NCT05381350, NCT05382871). 30,33,36,38 We, alternatively, adopt a new strategy on the principle of mosaic-type antigen for vaccine development to enable broad neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants. This strategy has been successfully applied in the development of broad-spectrum vaccines against other highly mutated viruses, such as HIV and influenza, [39][40][41][42][43] and several studies indicated that the mosaic antigen could elicit broader antibody responses than those induced by the mixture of the corresponding monovalent antigens.…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and immunogenicity of a mosaic vaccine booster against Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants: a randomized phase 2 trial

Kaabi

Yang²,

Liang

et al. 2023

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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An ongoing randomized, double-blind, controlled phase 2 trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a mosaic-type recombinant vaccine candidate, named NVSI-06-09, as a booster dose in subjects aged 18 years and older from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), who had administered two or three doses of inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV at least 6 months prior to enrollment. The participants were randomly assigned with 1:1 to receive a booster dose of NVSI-06-09 or BBIBP-CorV. The primary outcomes were immunogenicity and safety against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant, and the exploratory outcome was cross-immunogenicity against other circulating strains. Between May 25 and 30, 2022, 516 adults received booster vaccination with 260 in NVSI-06-09 group and 256 in BBIBP-CorV group. Interim results showed a similar safety profile between two booster groups, with low incidence of adverse reactions of grade 1 or 2. For immunogenicity, by day 14 post-booster, the fold rises in neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) from baseline elicited by NVSI-06-09 were remarkably higher than those by BBIBP-CorV against the prototype strain (19.67 vs 4.47-fold), Omicron BA.1.1 (42.35 vs 3.78-fold), BA.2 (25.09 vs 2.91-fold), BA.4 (22.42 vs 2.69-fold), and BA.5 variants (27.06 vs 4.73-fold). Similarly, the neutralizing GMTs boosted by NVSI-06-09 against Beta and Delta variants were also 6.60-fold and 7.17-fold higher than those by BBIBP-CorV. Our findings indicated that a booster dose of NVSI-06-09 was well-tolerated and elicited broad-spectrum neutralizing responses against divergent SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron and its sub-lineages.

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Bivalent mRNA vaccine booster induces robust antibody immunity against Omicron lineages BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.2.75 and BA.5

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

A Detailed Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Its Sub-Variants, Mutations and Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Landscape, Immune Escape, and Therapies

A Detailed Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Its Sub-Variants, Mutations and Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Landscape, Immune Escape, and Therapies

An Assessment of the Bivalent Vaccine as a Second Booster for COVID-19

Safety and immunogenicity of a mosaic vaccine booster against Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants: a randomized phase 2 trial

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